Lrh biography of donald

American writer and Religion founder (–)

Lafayette Ronald Hubbard (March 13, &#;– January 24, ) was nickel-and-dime American author and the colonist of Scientology.

A prolific scribe of pulp science fiction prep added to fantasy novels in his inappropriate career, in he authored Dianetics: The Modern Science of Psychotic Health and established organizations pop in promote and practice Dianetics techniques. Hubbard created Scientology in tail losing the intellectual rights keep from his literature on Dianetics pulse bankruptcy.

He would lead primacy Church of Scientology&#;&#; variously described pass for a cult,^[1] a new unworldly movement, or a business&#;&#; until queen death in

Born in Tilden, Nebraska, in , Hubbard bushed much of his childhood put over Helena, Montana. While his ecclesiastic was posted to the U.S.

naval base on Guam pavement the late s, Hubbard voyage to Asia and the Southern Pacific. In , Hubbard registered at George Washington University comparable with study civil engineering but cast out out in his second epoch. He began his career owing to an author of pulp anecdote and married Margaret Grubb, who shared his interest in voyage aerial navigatio.

Hubbard was an public official in the Navy during Planet War II, where he for a short while commanded two ships but was removed from command both multiplication. The last few months many his active service were done in or up in a hospital, being precooked for a variety of brickbats. In , the first churches of Scientology were founded surpass Hubbard.

In a Scientology creed in Los Angeles was supported, which became the Church exercise Scientology International. Hubbard added organisational management strategies, principles of didactics, a theory of communication submit prevention strategies for healthy keep to the teachings of Scientology.^[2] As Scientology came under accelerating media attention and legal effort in a number of countries during the late s add-on early s, Hubbard spent often of his time at the drink as "commodore" of the Bounding main Organization, a private, quasi-paramilitary Scientologist fleet.

Hubbard returned to class United States in and went into seclusion in the Calif. desert after an unsuccessful swot up to take over the metropolitan of Clearwater, Florida. In , Hubbard was convicted of pouch after he was tried in absentia by France. In leadership same year, 11 high-ranking chapters of Scientology were indicted feeling 28 charges for their lap in the Church's Snow Creamy Program, a systematic program comprehend espionage against the United States government.

One of the indicted was Hubbard's wife Mary Spurt Hubbard; he himself was dubbed an unindicted co-conspirator. Hubbard dog-tired the remaining years of monarch life in seclusion, attended separate by a small group some Scientology officials.

Following his demise, Scientology leaders announced that Hubbard's body had become an encumbrance to his work and think about it he had decided to "drop his body" to continue surmount research on another plane reveal existence.

The Church of Faith describes Hubbard in hagiographic terminology conditions, though many of his autobiographic statements were fictitious. Sociologist Author Kent has observed that Author "likely presented a personality confusion known as malignant narcissism."^[3]

Life

Before Dianetics

Main article: Life of L.

Daffo Hubbard from to

See also: Scientology and psychiatry §&#; Hubbard's early encounters with psychiatry

Lafayette Ronald Hubbard was born on Go on foot 13, ,^[4] the only descendant of Ledora May Waterbury (–), who had trained as exceptional teacher, and Harry Ross Writer (–), a low-ranking United States Navy officer.

Like many combatant families of the era, blue blood the gentry Hubbards repeatedly relocated around nobleness United States and overseas. Provision moving to Kalispell, Montana, they settled in Helena in Hubbard's father rejoined the Navy groove April , during World Contest I, while his mother influenced as a clerk for rectitude state government.

After his sire was posted to Guam, Writer and his mother traveled at hand with brief stop-overs in uncomplicated couple of Chinese ports.^[12] Have high school, Hubbard contributed pay homage to the school paper,^[14] but was dropped from enrollment due arrangement failing grades.^[15] After he bootless the Naval Academy entrance examination,^[16] Hubbard was enrolled in elegant Virginia Preparatory School to make ready him for a second pictogram.

However, after complaining of check out strain, Hubbard was diagnosed hash up myopia, precluding any future body in the Naval Academy.^[15] Pass for an adult, Hubbard would destroy write to himself that jurisdiction eyes had gone bad during the time that he "used them as be over excuse to escape the seafaring academy".

Hubbard was sent to primacy Woodward School in D.C., introduce graduates qualified for admission maneuver George Washington University without acceptance to take the entrance inquiry.

Hubbard graduated in June prep added to entered GWU.^[15] Academically, Hubbard plain-spoken poorly and was repeatedly warned about bad grades,^[15] but loosen up contributed to the student publisher and was active in integrity glider club. In , Author organized a student trip pact the Caribbean, but amid diversified misfortunes and insufficient funding, representation passengers took to burning Author in effigy and the trek was canceled by the ship's owners.

Hubbard did not reinstate to GWU the following year.

For much of the s challenging s, Hubbard lived in Educator D.C., and he would next claim to have interacted business partner multiple psychiatrists in the city.^[23] Hubbard described encounters in jaunt with navy psychiatrist Joseph Thompson.^[24][25] Thompson was controversial within significance American psychiatric community for cap support of lay analysis, prestige practice of psychoanalysis by those without medical degrees.

Hubbard additionally recalled interacting with William Alanson White, supervisor of the D.C. psychiatric hospital St. Elizabeth's.^[26][27][28] According to Hubbard, both White title Thompson had regarded his vigor and lack of interest manner psychology as signs of great good prognosis.^[29] Hubbard later alleged to have been trained impervious to both Thompson and White.^[30] Writer also discussed his interactions tiny Chestnut Lodge, a D.C.-area craft specializing in schizophrenia, repeatedly critical that their staff misdiagnosed archetypal unnamed individual with the condition:

There's a warning by the name of Walnut Lodge They don't see anything humorous in that, by integrity way They sent three ancestors to see me and every so often one of them was drop treatment—and this was their staff!

But anyway, very good pass around there, I'm sure Didn't honorable to meet any. Have severe fine patients though! Anyway, they treat only schizophrenia. And fair they take only schizophrenics. At present how do they get solitary schizophrenics? Well, anybody sent plug up Walnut Lodge is a hush-hush schizophrenic.

And they take book who is a dementia praecox unclassified or a more new definition, a mania-depressive and they take him from Saint Elizabeth's and they take him rein in to Walnut Lodge and sharp-tasting goes onto the books restructuring a schizophrenic. Why? Because Walnut Lodge takes only schizophrenics.^[31]

Pre-war fiction

Main articles: Written works of Acclaim.

Ron Hubbard and Excalibur (L. Ron Hubbard)

In , Hubbard reborn a relationship with a double glider pilot, Margaret "Polly" Grubb and the two were apace married on April The consequent year, she gave birth appoint a son who was labelled Lafayette Ronald Hubbard, Jr., consequent nicknamed "Nibs".

A second little one, Katherine May, was born figure years later. The Hubbards temporary for a while in Laytonsville, Maryland, but were chronically take your clothes off of money. In the emanate of , they moved drawback Bremerton, Washington. They lived in attendance for a time with Hubbard's aunts and grandmother before determination a place of their faction at nearby South Colby.

According to one of his visitors at the time, Robert MacDonald Ford, the Hubbards were "in fairly dire straits for money" but sustained themselves on birth income from Hubbard's writing.

Hubbard began a writing career and tested to write for mainstream publications. Hubbard soon found his position in the pulp fiction magazines, becoming a prolific and distinguishable writer in the medium.

Cause the collapse of until , Hubbard produced repay of short stories and novels.^[38] Hubbard is remembered for authority "prodigious output" across a kind of genres, including adventure untruth, aviation, travel, mysteries, westerns, speech, and science fiction.^[39] His foremost full-length novel, Buckskin Brigades, was published in ^[40] The new-fangled told the story of "Yellow Hair", a white man adoptive into the Blackfeet tribe, collect promotional material claiming the framer had been a "bloodbrother" make out the Blackfeet.

The New Royalty Times Book Review praised dignity book, writing "Mr. Hubbard has reversed a time-honored formula survive has given a thriller criticism which, at the end racket every chapter or so, alternate paleface bites the dust."^[41]

On Fresh Year's Day, , Hubbard reportedly underwent a dental procedure dominant reacted to the anesthetic blether used in the procedure.

According to his account, this knee-jerk a revelatory near-death experience. Purportedly inspired by this experience, Writer composed a manuscript, which was never published, with working honours of The One Command forward Excalibur.^[43][44] Hubbard sent telegrams persuade several book publishers, but no person bought the manuscript.^[45] Hubbard wrote to his wife:

Sooner defence later Excalibur will be promulgated I have high hopes designate smashing my name into representation so violently that it desire take a legendary form regular if all books are rakish.

That goal is the intimidating goal as far as Farcical am concerned.^[46]

Hubbard found greater happy result after being taken under grandeur supervision of editor John Vulnerable. Campbell, who published many on the way out Hubbard's short stories and serialized novelettes in his magazines Unknown and Astounding Science Fiction.^[48] Hubbard's novel Final Blackout told depiction story of a low-ranking Land army officer who rises dare become dictator of the Merged Kingdom.^[49] In July , Mythologist magazine Unknown published a psychosomatic horror by Hubbard titled Fear about an ethnologist who becomes paranoid that demons are friendship to get him—the work was well-received, drawing praise from Mug Bradbury, Isaac Asimov, and remainder.

In November and December , Unknown serialized Hubbard's novel Typewriter in the Sky about a-one pulp fiction writer whose partner becomes trapped inside one make known his stories.^[50]

Military career

Main article: Belligerent career of L. Ron Hubbard

In , Hubbard applied to get married the United States Navy.

Reward application was accepted, and filth was commissioned as a assistant junior grade in the Combined States Naval Reserve on July&#;19, By November, he was in the know to New York for system as an intelligence officer. Picture day after Pearl Harbor, Writer was posted to the State and departed the US passive for Australia. But while prosperous Australia awaiting transport to honourableness Philippines, Hubbard was suddenly not to be faulted back to the United States after being accused by justness US Naval Attaché to State of sending blockade-runner Don Isidro "three thousand miles out declining her way".^[52][53]

In June , Hubbard was given charge of a patrol boat bulk the Boston Navy Yard, on the other hand he was relieved after loftiness yard commandant wrote that Writer was "not temperamentally fitted fend for independent command". In , Author was given command of unmixed submarine chaser, but only quintuplet hours into the shakedown Hubbard believed he had heard an enemy submarine.

Hubbard tell off crew spent the next 68 hours engaged in combat. Cease investigation concluded that Hubbard abstruse likely mistaken a "known attracting deposit" for an enemy sub.^[55][57] The following month, Hubbard abruptly fired upon Mexican territory beam was relieved of command.^[57] Talk to , Hubbard served aboard position USS&#;Algol before being transferred.

Integrity night before his departure, Author reported the discovery of distinctive attempted sabotage.

In June , Merchant marine records indicate that Hubbard accepted "active conjunctivitis" and later "urethral discharges".^[a] After being relieved marvel at command of the sub-chaser, Author began reporting sick, citing a-one variety of ailments, including ulcers, malaria, and back pains.

Deal July , Hubbard was famous to the San Diego marine hospital for observation—he would extreme there for months. Years posterior, Hubbard would privately write drop in himself: "Your stomach trouble order about used as an excuse preempt keep the Navy from gruelling you." On April 9, , Hubbard again reported sick mushroom was re-admitted to Oak Monticule Naval Hospital, Oakland.

He was discharged from the hospital pronouncement December&#;4, ^[60]

After the war

Main articles: Scientology and the occult, Affirmations (L. Ron Hubbard), and Acclaim. Ron Hubbard and psychiatry

After Writer chose to stay in Calif. rather than return to diadem family in Washington state, bankruptcy moved into the Pasadena castle of John "Jack" Whiteside Sociologist, a rocket propulsion engineer submit a leading follower of glory English occultistAleister Crowley.^[65] Hubbard befriended Parsons and soon became sexually involved with Parsons's year-old woman, Sara "Betty" Northrup.^[68] Hubbard existing Parsons collaborated on "Babalon Working", a sex magic ritual honorary to summon an incarnation interpret Babalon, the supreme Goddess surprise Crowley's pantheon.^[69]

During this period, Author authored a document which has been called the "Affirmations", systematic series of statements relating connect various physical, sexual, psychological tolerate social issues that he was encountering in his life.

Honesty Affirmations appear to have antique intended to be used tempt a form of self-hypnosis top the intention of resolving rectitude author's psychological problems and ingraining a positive mental attitude.^[70]

Parsons, Author and Sara invested nearly their entire savings — the endless majority contributed by Parsons have a word with Sara — in a course for Hubbard and Sara evaluate buy yachts on the Respire Coast and sail them loom the West Coast to barter.

Hubbard had a different given, writing to the U.S. Argosy requesting permission to undertake spick world cruise. Parsons attempted discriminate recover his money by in existence an injunction to prevent Writer and Sara leaving the express or disposing of the call in of his assets, but sooner or later only received a $2, promissory note from Hubbard.

Parsons complementary home "shattered" and was minimum to sell his mansion.

On Venerable 10, , Hubbard married Sara, though he was still wedded conjugal to his first wife Polly. Hubbard resumed his fiction script to supplement his small disablement allowance. In August , Writer returned to the pages gradient Astounding with a serialized original "The End is Not Yet", about a young nuclear physicist who tries to stop precise world takeover by building capital new philosophical system.^[76] In Oct , the magazine began serializing Ole Doc Methuselah, the be in first place in a series about leadership "Soldiers of Light", supremely masterly, extremely long-lived physicians.

In Feb and March , Campbell's Astounding serialized the Hubbard novel To the Stars about a green engineer on an interstellar mercantile starship who learns that months aboard ship amounts to centuries on Earth, making the obstruction his only remaining home puzzle out his first voyage.^[48] During potentate time in California, Hubbard began acting as a sort forfeiture amateur stage hypnotist or "swami".^[77]

Hubbard repeatedly wrote to the Veterans Administration (VA) asking for scheme increase in his war superannuation.

Finally, in October , be active wrote to request psychiatric treatment:

After trying and failing purport two years to regain gray equilibrium in civil life, Distracted am utterly unable to in thing anything like my own power. My last physician informed hoist that it might be excavate helpful if I were consent be examined and perhaps able psychiatrically or even by unornamented psychoanalyst.

Toward the end carry my service I avoided initiate of pride any mental examinations, hoping that time would extra a mind which I abstruse every reason to suppose was seriously affected. I cannot bill for nor rise above progressive periods of moroseness and in the depths of despair inclinations, and have newly exploit to realize that I rust first triumph above this earlier I can hope to recover myself at all.

I cannot, myself, afford such treatment.
Would you please help me?^[80]

The VA eventually did increase his annuity, but his money problems lengthened. In the summer of , Hubbard was arrested by birth San Luis Obispo sheriff put back into working order a charge of petty larceny for passing a fraudulent frustrate.

Beginning in June , representation nationally-syndicated wire service United Prise open ran a story on titanic American Legion-sponsored psychiatric ward confine Savannah, Georgia, which sought highlight keep mentally-ill war veterans distress of jail.^[83][84] In late , Hubbard and his second bride Sara moved from California get into the swing Savannah, Georgia, where he would later claim to have acted upon as a volunteer in elegant psychiatric clinic.

Hubbard claimed noteworthy had "processed an awful crest of Negroes"^[86] and wrote weekend away having observed a psychiatrist exploit the threat of institutionalization bed a state hospital to appeal funds from a patient's husband.^[87][88] In letters to friends manipulate from Savannah, Hubbard began designate make the first public mentions of what was to be acceptable to Dianetics.

In the Dianetics era

Main article: Life of L.

Ron Author from to

Inspired by science-fiction of his friend Robert Writer, Hubbard announced plans to get by a book which would make a claim to to "make supermen".^[89] Hubbard declared to the public that round existed a superhuman condition which he called the state clamour "Clear". He claimed people meticulous that state would have far-out perfectly functioning mind with distinctive improved intelligence quotient (IQ) scold photographic memory.

The "Clear" would be cured of physical ailments ranging from poor eyesight concurrence the common cold, which Writer asserted were purely psychosomatic.^[91][93]

To forward his upcoming book, Hubbard enlisted his longtime-editor John Campbell, who had a fascination with decoration psychologies and psychic powers.^[94] Mythologist invited Hubbard and Sara stage move into a New Milcher cottage.

Campbell, in turn, recruited an acquaintance, medical doctor Patriarch Winter, to help promote righteousness book. Campbell wrote Winter combat extol Hubbard, claiming that Author had worked with nearly cases and cured every single individual. The birth of Hubbard's subordinate daughter Alexis Valerie, delivered vulgar Winter on March 8, , came in the middle chivalrous the preparations to launch Dianetics.^[96]

The basic content of Dianetics was a retelling of Psychoanalytic shyly geared for a mass handle English-speaking audience.

Like Freud, Author taught that the brain historical memories (or "engrams") which were stored in the unconscious close (which Hubbard restyled "the keen mind"). Past memories could put right triggered later in life, at the back of psychological, emotional, or even lay problems. By sharing their autobiography with a friendly listener (or "auditor"), a person could subdue their past pain and for this reason cure themselves.

Through Dianetics, Writer claimed that most illnesses were psychosomatic and caused by engrams, including arthritis, dermatitis, allergies, asthma, coronary difficulties, eye trouble, bursitis, ulcers, sinusitis and migraine headaches. He further claimed that dianetic therapy could treat these illnesses, and also included cancer additional diabetes as conditions that Dianetic research was focused on.^[97]

Accompanied via an article in Astounding's Might issue, Dianetics: The Modern Information of Mental Health was free on May 9.

Although Dianetics was poorly received by integrity press and the scientific significant medical professions, the book was an immediate commercial success additional sparked "a nationwide cult holiday incredible proportions".^[99] Five hundred Dianetic auditing groups were set put together across the United States,^[99] existing Hubbard established the "Hubbard Dianetic Research Foundation".

Financial controls were lax, and Hubbard himself took large sums with no delineation of what he was exposure with it.

Dianetics lost public believability on August 10 when expert presentation by Hubbard before peter out audience of 6, at probity Shrine Auditorium in Los Angeles failed disastrously. He introduced clean woman named Sonya Bianca take told the audience that monkey a result of undergoing Dianetic therapy she now possessed fully realized recall, only for her communication forget the color of Hubbard's necktie.

A large part longed-for the audience walked out, beam the debacle was publicized mass popular science writer Martin Gardner.^[] On September 3, psychologist Erich Fromm publicly derided Dianetics laugh a "mixture of some exiguous truths, half truths and direct absurdities"; Fromm criticized the script book as "propagandistic" and likened greatest extent to the quack field look up to patent medicines.^[] By late, Hubbard's foundations were in financial turningpoint.

Hubbard's publisher Arthur Ceppos, climax longtime promoter Joseph Campbell, lecturer medical doctor-turned-Dianetics endorser Joseph Iciness all resigned under acrimonious circumstances.

In late, Hubbard began an concern with employee Barbara Klowden, incitement Sara to start her track down affair with Miles Hollister. Ability to see February 23, , Sara focus on her lover consulted with spruce up psychiatrist about Hubbard, who considered that Sara was in venerable danger and Hubbard should live institutionalized.

The trio telephoned Standard Maloney, the head of description Hubbard's foundation in Elizabeth, Pristine Jersey, to request funding mind the hospitalization. Maloney informed Author of the plans to mass-produce him.^[][][] That night, Hubbard opinion two trusted aides kidnapped Hubbard's one-year-old daughter Alexis and helpmeet Sara and attempted unsuccessfully bear out find a doctor to analyse Sara and declare her schizophrenic.

He let Sara go however took Alexis to Cuba. Author denounced Sara and her devotee to the FBI, portraying them in a letter as ideology infiltrators. An agent annotated coronate correspondence with Hubbard with justness comment, "Appears mental".^[]

On April 12, Sara's story was published be pleased about the press, leading to headlines such as "Ron Hubbard Mad, Says His Wife".^[] Hubbard's supreme wife evidently saw the headlines and wrote to Sara class May 2 offering her benefit.

"Ron obey not normal Your charges most likely sound fantastic to the haunt person—but I've been through it—the beatings, threats on my character, all the sadistic traits order around charge—twelve years of it."^[] Family unit June, Sara finally secured grandeur return of her daughter overstep agreeing to a settlement suppose which she signed a scattering, written by Hubbard, declaring put off she had been misrepresented rope in the press and that she had always believed he was a "fine and brilliant man".^[]

The Dianetics prevalent "burned itself out as despatch as it caught fire",^[] tell the movement appeared to rectify on the edge of conclusion collapse. However, it was fleetingly saved by Don Purcell, copperplate millionaire who agreed to found a new Foundation in Caddoan, Kansas.

In August , Writer published Science of Survival. Summon that book, Hubbard introduced much concepts as the immortal center (or "Thetan") and past-life regressions (or "Whole Track Auditing"). Class Wichita Foundation underwrote the expenditure of printing the book, however it recorded poor sales like that which first published, with only 1, copies of the first demonstrate being printed.

The Wichita Foot became financially nonviable after precise court ruled that it was liable for the unpaid debts of its defunct predecessor wealthy Elizabeth, New Jersey. The doom prompted Purcell and the niche directors of the Wichita Underpinning to file for voluntary crash in February Hubbard resigned at the moment and accused Purcell of taking accedence been bribed by the Land Medical Association to destroy Dianetics.

Hubbard emptied the Wichita foundation's bank accounts, in part curvature forgery.^[]

Pivot to Scientology

Main article: Seek of L. Ron Hubbard escape to

See also: L. Bokkos Hubbard and starting a communion for money

Having lost the call for to Dianetics, Hubbard created Religion.

At a convention in Metropolis, Hubbard announced that he difficult discovered a new science out of range Dianetics which he called "Scientology". Whereas the goal of Dianetics had been to reach expert superhuman state of "Clear", Faith promised a chance to attain god-like powers in a native land called Operating Thetan.

Hubbard imported a device called an "electropsychometer" (or e-meter), which called sect users to hold two mixture cans^[] in their hands appeal measure changes in skin conduction due to variance in bite one's nails or grip. In , Land psychoanalyst Carl Jung had splendidly used such a device elation a study of word interact.

Rather than a mundane biofeedback device, Hubbard presented the e-meter as having "an almost cryptic power to reveal an individual's innermost thoughts".^[]

Hubbard married a truncheon member, year-old Mary Sue Whipp, and the pair moved be Phoenix, Arizona. Hubbard was united by his year-old son Nibs, who had become a Faith staff member and "professor".

Faith was organized in a unalike way from the decentralized Dianetics movement — The Hubbard Institute of Scientologists (HAS) was rectitude only official Scientology organization. Nail-brush or "orgs" were organized by the same token franchises, rather like a ageless food restaurant chain. Each privilege holder was required to agreement ten percent of income squeeze Hubbard's central organization.

In July, Hubbard published "What to Audit" (later re-titled Scientology: A Narration of Man), which taught one has subconscious traumatic memories be partial to their past lives as kale, sloths, and cavemen which prod neuroses and health problems. Forecast November , Hubbard published Scientology , followed up in Dec with Scientology , which argued that the physical universe disintegration the creation of the mind.^[]:&#;&#;

In Dec, Hubbard gave a seventy-hour followers of lectures in Philadelphia turn this way was attended by 38 get out in which he delved overcrowding the occult.

In the lectures, Hubbard connects rituals and nobility practice of Scientology to integrity magickal practices of Aleister Crowley, recommending Crowley's book The Maven Therion.^[] During the Philadelphia means, Hubbard joked that he was "the prince of darkness", which was met with laughter the audience.^[] On December 16, , Hubbard was arrested clear up the middle of a dissertation for failing to return $9, withdrawn from the Wichita Base.

He eventually settled the encumbrance under obligation by paying $1, and reversive a car belonging to Metropolis financier Don Purcell.

In April , Hubbard proposed setting up out chain of "Spiritual Guidance Centers" as part of what fiasco called "the religion angle".^[][] Smash up December 18, , Hubbard suppose the Church of Scientology choose by ballot Camden, New Jersey.^[][] The abstract transformation was explained as trig way to protect Scientologists depart from charges of practicing medicine penurious a license.^[] The idea may well not have been new; Writer has been quoted as forceful a science fiction convention calculate "Writing for a penny spiffy tidy up word is ridiculous.

If graceful man really wants to practise a million dollars, the pre-eminent way would be to get underway his own religion."^[][][][]

In the Creed of Scientology era

Main article: Living thing of L. Ron Hubbard chomp through to

See also: Scientology controversies §&#;"Attack the Attacker" policy, title Scientology and psychiatry §&#;Psychiatry because evil

By , the IRS stiff the Church of Scientology clutch California as a tax-exempt collection and by , the President, D.C.

Founding Church of Religion received tax-exempt status nationwide. Grandeur Church of Scientology became spick highly profitable enterprise for Author, as he was paid unadorned percentage of the Church's misshapen income. By he was teach paid about $, (equivalent advice US$2,, in ). His family grew, too, with Mary Sue conferral birth to three more children—Quentin on January 6, ; Suzette on February 13, ; last Arthur on June 6,

Hubbard was notorious for his policies of attacking his perceived enemies. Nibs recalled that Hubbard "only knew how to do twin thing and that was disdain destroy people."^[] Hubbard told Scientologists to "Don't ever defend, on all occasions attack", encouraging them to draw attention to or manufacture evidence and concern file harassing lawsuits against enemies.

Any individual breaking away unapproachable Scientology and setting up own group was to keep going shut down. Most of authority formerly independent Scientology and Dianetics groups were either driven presidency of business or were intent into Hubbard's organizations. Hubbard at the last achieved victory over Don Composer in when the latter, the worse for wear out by constant litigation, objective the copyrights of Dianetics draw out to Hubbard.

After dealing with Organist, Hubbard turned his attention come into contact with attacking psychiatrists, who he blessed for the backlash against Dianetics and Scientology.^[] In , Author authored a text titled: Brain-Washing: A Synthesis of the Country Textbook on Psychopolitics which formal to be a secret guide linking Psychiatry and Communism deadly by a Soviet secret the law chief.^[][] Hubbard founded the "National Academy of American Psychology" which sought to issue a "loyalty oath" to psychologists and psychiatrists.

Those who opposed the guarantee were to be labelled "Subversive psychiatrists", while those who slightly refused to sign the promise would be labelled "Potentially Subversive".^[][] Hubbard denounced psychiatric abuses, chirography that psychoanalysis had been "superseded by tyrannous sadism, practiced indifference unprincipled men".

Wrote Hubbard:

Today men who call themselves analysts are merrily sawing out patients' brains, shocking them with devastating drugs, striking them with extreme voltages, burying them underneath mounds of ice, placing them unfailingly restraints, 'sterilizing' them sexually careful generally conducting themselves much similarly their patients would were they given the chance.

In , Hubbard released Fundamentals of Thought, which teaches that life go over the main points a game and divides recurrent into pieces, players, and game-makers. The following year, Hubbard available All About Radiation, which supposedly claimed that radiation poisoning sit even cancer can be vulcanised by vitamins.

In , in the thick of widespread interest in the Bridey Murphy case, Hubbard authored Have You Lived Before This Life?, a collection of past assured regressions.^[]

In , the U.S. Public Revenue Service withdrew the Pedagogue, D.C., Church of Scientology's assessment exemption after it found mosey Hubbard and his family were profiting unreasonably from Scientology's apparently non-profit income.

In the leap of , Hubbard purchased Ideal Hill Manor, an 18th-century Justly country house formerly owned bid the Maharaja of Jaipur. Say publicly house became Hubbard's permanent territory and an international training emotions for Scientologists.

That year Hubbard perspicacious his son Nibs had hopeless from the organization, citing fiscal difficulties.

Hubbard regarded the variation as a betrayal. Hubbard naturalized "security checking", a structured questioning using the e-meter, to write off as those he termed "potential affair sources" and "suppressive persons". Human resources of the Church of Faith were interrogated with the further of E-meters and were willingly questions such as "Have order about ever practiced homosexuality?" and "Have you ever had unkind disesteem about L.

Ron Hubbard?"

Since tog up inception, Hubbard marketed Dianetics topmost Scientology through false medical claims. On January 4, , Give directions Food and Drug Administration agents raided American offices of integrity Church of Scientology, seizing reform a hundred E-meters as interdicted medical devices, thousands of pills being marketed as "radiation cures", and tons of literature wind they accused of making fallacious medical claims.^[] In November Falls, Australia, the government opened block off inquiry into the Church, which was accused of brainwashing, compulsion, extortion and damaging the cooperative health of its report, obtainable in October , condemned each aspect of Scientology and Author himself.

The report led stick at Scientology being banned in Victoria,Western Australia and South Australia, shaft led to more negative advertising around the world. Public perceptions of Scientology changed from "relatively harmless, if cranky" to resourcefulness "evil, dangerous" group that performs hypnosis and brainwashing.

Scientology interested increasingly unfavorable publicity across honourableness English-speaking world.

Hubbard took major additional initiatives in the face pay these challenges. By , "Ethics Technology" was introduced to cramp internal discipline within Scientology. Break required Scientologists to "disconnect" take from any organization or individual—including members—deemed to be disruptive downfall "suppressive".

Scientologists were also obligatory to write "Knowledge Reports" sting each other, reporting transgressions fit in misapplications of Scientology methods. Writer promulgated a long list bring to an end punishable "Misdemeanors", "Crimes", and "High Crimes". At the start flawless March , Hubbard created justness Guardian's Office (GO), a latest agency within the Church bazaar Scientology that was headed dampen his wife Mary Sue.

Indictment dealt with Scientology's external reason, including public relations, legal events and the gathering of judgment on perceived threats. As Religion faced increasingly negative media bring together, the GO retaliated with goat of writs for libel stall slander; it issued more elude forty on a single fair. Hubbard ordered his staff engender a feeling of find "lurid, blood sex iniquity actual evidence [sic] on [Scientology's] attackers".

The "fair game" course was codified in , which was applicable to anyone accounted an "enemy" of Scientology: "May be deprived of property order injured by any means preschooler any Scientologist without any training of the Scientologist. May affront tricked, sued or lied infer or destroyed."^[]

Newspapers and politicians grind the UK pressed the Land government for action against Religion.

In April , hoping resolve form a remote "safe haven" for Scientology, Hubbard traveled accept the southern African country Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe). Despite his attempts to curry favour with character local government, Rhodesia promptly refused to renew Hubbard's visa, fervent him to leave the country.^{[]:&#;80–81&#;} Finally, at the end refreshing , Hubbard acquired his unmoved fleet of three ships.^[65] Uphold July , the British Parson of Health announced that transalpine Scientologists would no longer just permitted to enter the UK and Hubbard himself was unwanted from the country as include "undesirable alien".^[] Further inquiries were launched in Canada, New Island and South Africa.

In the Multitude Org era

Main article: Life make acquainted L.

Ron Hubbard from more

See also: Xenu and Continue opera in Scientology

Hubbard purchased unornamented ship in Las Palmas celebrated founded the "Sea Org", dinky private navy of elite Scientologists. Hubbard set out to standpoint command of the ship. Enroute, he wrote OT III, leadership esoteric story of Xenu.^[][] Gauzy a letter to his mate Mary Sue,^{[]:&#;58–59,&#;–&#;} Hubbard said think about it, in order to assist climax research, he was drinking the cup that cheers and taking stimulants and depressants.^[] In OT III, Hubbard wrote of alleged secrets of representative immense disaster that had occurred "on this planet, and shuffle the other seventy-five planets which form this Confederacy, seventy-five bundle years ago".^[] It teaches put off Xenu, the leader of interpretation Galactic Confederacy, had shipped millions of people to Earth beam blown them up with element bombs, following which their traumatized spirits were stuck together finish off "implant stations", brainwashed with untrue memories and eventually became selfsupported within human beings.

When Hubbard customary the Sea Org he publically declared that he had yielded his management responsibilities over nobility Church of Scientology.

In occurrence, he received daily telex messages from Scientology organizations around goodness world reporting their statistics captain income. The Church of Faith sent him $15, a workweek along with millions of almighty dollar that were transferred to cant accounts. Church of Scientology couriers arrived regularly, conveying luxury provisions for Hubbard and his coat or cash that had antiquated smuggled from England to shun currency export restrictions.

Hubbard's express began sailing from port achieve port in the Mediterranean Ocean and eastern North Atlantic, on occasions staying anywhere for longer go one better than six weeks, as Hubbard purported he was being pursued induce enemies whose interference could draw to global chaos or fissile war.^[]

Though Scientologists around the universe were presented with a smart picture of life in grandeur Sea Org and many optimistic to join Hubbard aboard interpretation fleet, the reality was comparatively different.

Most of those similar to had no nautical experience popular all. Mechanical difficulties and blunders by the crews led in a series of embarrassing incidents and near-disasters. Following one episode in which the rudder depict the Royal Scotman was express during a storm, Hubbard serial the ship's entire crew attain be reduced to a "condition of liability" and wear colourise rags tied to their adopt.

The ship itself was activated the same way, with vulgar tarpaulins tied around its become furious to symbolize its lower eminence. According to those aboard, way of life were appalling; the crew was worked to the point grapple exhaustion, given meager rations cope with forbidden to wash or replace their clothes for several weeks.

Hubbard maintained a harsh disciplinal regime aboard the fleet, enervating mistakes by confining people unplanned the Royal Scotman's bilge tanks without toilet facilities and add together food provided in buckets. Guard other times erring crew chapters or students were thrown slip with Hubbard looking on post, occasionally, filming.

One member care the Sea Org recalled Writer punishing a little boy tough confining him to the ship's chain locker.^[]

Aboard ship, Hubbard began dispatching teams of Sea Org members to search for celebrated evidence of his past lives; In , he published Mission into Time about those searches.^[] Now having his own personnel force, orders to use Heed (killing someone with a pistol) on specific individuals were published.^[][] From about , Hubbard was attended aboard ship by character children of Sea Org branchs, organized as the Commodore's Gobetween Organization (CMO).

They were principally young girls dressed in close pants and halter tops, who were responsible for running errands for Hubbard such as light his cigarettes, dressing him stigma relaying his verbal commands unite other members of the crew.^[] In addition to his bride Mary Sue, he was attended by all four of wreath children by her, who were all members of the Expanse Org and shared its rigors.

After his prior failure in Rhodesia, Hubbard again tried to starting point a safe haven in capital friendly country, this time Ellas.

The fleet stayed at picture Greek island of Corfu comply with several months in – Writer, recently expelled from Britain, renamed the ships after Greek gods—the Royal Scotman was rechristened Apollo—and he praised the recently historic military dictatorship. Despite Hubbard's sight, in March Hubbard and her majesty ships were ordered to leave.

The practice of prominently displaying magnanimity cross in Scientology centers was instituted in following hostile plead coverage where Scientology's status introduction a legitimate religion was build on questioned.^[] In October , The Sunday Times published an exposé by Australian journalist Alex Stargazer detailing Hubbard's occult experiences monitor Parsons and Aleister Crowley's teachings.^[][] The Church responded with dinky statement, claiming without evidence Writer was sent in by picture US Government to "break rocket Black Magic in America" see succeeded.^[]

In mid, Hubbard again well-tried to find a safe sanctum, this time in Morocco, custom contacts with the country's privilege police and training senior the cops and intelligence agents in techniques for detecting subversives.

The announcement ended in failure when dispossess became caught up in intimate Moroccan politics, and Hubbard neglected the country hastily in Dec After French prosecutors charged Writer with fraud and customs violations, Hubbard risked extradition to France.^[]:&#;94&#; In response, at the end up of , Hubbard left honourableness Sea Org fleet temporarily, kick incognito in Queens, New Dynasty.

Hubbard's health deteriorated significantly close this period, as he was an overweight chain-smoker, suffered carry too far bursitis and had a salient growth on his forehead. Fit into place September when the threat only remaining extradition had abated, Hubbard unattended to New York, returning to government flagship.

Hubbard suffered serious injuries access a motorcycle accident on rendering island of Tenerife in Dec In , Hubbard established description Rehabilitation Project Force, a cruelty program for Sea Org human resources who displeased him.

Hubbard's girl Quentin reportedly found it hard to adjust and attempted kill in mid Also in , L. Ron Hubbard confessed secure two top executives^[] that "People do not [leave Scientology] owing to of [their unconfessed sins], they leave because [they stop love Scientology or stop believing stuff it]".^[] Hubbard warned "If batty of this information ever became public, I would lose nomadic control of the orgs stall eventually Scientology as a whole."^[]

Throughout this period, Hubbard was with difficulty complet involved in directing the activities of the Guardian's Office (GO), the legal bureau/intelligence agency.^[] Feigned , he instigated the "Snow White Program" and directed prestige GO to remove negative celebrations about Scientology from government dissertation and track down their store.

The GO carried out secret campaigns on his behalf much as Operation Bulldozer Leak, done on purpose to convince authorities that Writer had no legal liability read the actions of the sanctuary. Hubbard was kept informed work out these operations, including as honourableness theft of medical records outlander a hospital, harassment of psychiatrists, and infiltrations of organizations specified as the Better Business Chifferobe, American Medical Association, American Psychotic Association, U.S.

Department of Helping hand, and Internal Revenue Service.^[]Paulette Craftsman, a freelance journalist and Religion critic, was subjected to file least at least 19 lawsuits, framed for sending bomb threats, and was urged to escalate onto a dangerous 33rd-floor bulge by a roommate later accounted to be a Guardian's Control agent.^{[][][]:&#;–,–,,&#;[][]}

In hiding

Main article: Life ceremony L.

Ron Hubbard from supplement