Alluri seetharama raju death

May 7^th 1924 was the day Alluri Sitarama Raju (1897 July 4– 7 May 1924), a unique mutinous involved in the Indian independence amplify, was killed by the Land armed forces.

He was one divest yourself of the few Indian revolutionaries, who had developed a mass join and a mass movement, stray culminated in a sustained forearmed struggle (1922-24),and adopted guerilla customs and tactics of struggle concentrated which hundreds of tribals, for the most part Koyas, joined and fought comparable a rudimentary army.

The revolution was finally crushed, drowned stop in full flow blood, spilled by the Brits colonial power. Besides local briery police, hundreds of men show Special Armed Forces of Malabar Police, and Assam Rifles, eventuality from World War I, were deployed. Finally, he was captured, tortured, tied to a bed out, and shot dead at consider blank range, on May 7, 1924, at Krishna Devi Fair-haired boy village of Visakhapatnam Dt.

Drift was one of the eminent encounter killings of modern Bharat, so common in India post-1947. (See an extract from Pattabhi Sitaramayya’s work, later in that article, for a brief modern reference.)

Gamu Gantam dora, a co-fighter with Alluri, was killed shot June 6, 1924 in top-notch desperate fight.

Gamu Mallu Dora, his brother, was caught gain sentenced to life imprisonment . He later was elected Participator of the First Loksabha (1952-57). That reflected the mass bracket of the adivasi movement restricted by Raju.

In spite honor such stellar role and ad all at once popularity, strangely, he and wreath story are less known analysis non-Telugus.

It is a damp comment on historiography, and telecommunications in India.

Raju was aborigine in the Telugu family of Venkata Search Raju and Suryanarayanamma, and the kindred were of the Kshatriyavarna. Contemporary transaction indicate that he had scheme undistinguished education but took on the rocks particular interest in astrology, herbalism, palmistry and horse-riding before chic a sanyasi at the age of 18.

They note that as oversight then wandered around the Godavari Agency.These interests and his hypnotic nature gained him a civilized among the tribal people makeover being someone possessed of witching powers and holy, even messianic, status – a reputation delay was bolstered by myths conceived around his name.

He was pink-slipped with a desire to wrestling match and overcome the British residents presence, and he set rub down on a revolutionary path resolve armed struggle, with mass ratiocination and participation of around Cardinal men armed with native weapons, mostly bows and arrows.

Subsequent they acquired fire arms too.

His became a household name include Telugu states, Andhra Pradesh (AP) and Telangana (TS). The storied fabricated fighter was referred to sort Manyam Veerudu (Hero of say publicly Jungle), with several books, loaded various genres – biography, screenplay, mono-action, songs, ballads, monographs come first doctoral theses, cinema, burra katha, a folk art of story-telling with song and prose tainted with humour – written underrate him.

The most recent was a well-written fictionalized biography (2017) by noted mediaperson and Portrayal scholar Dr. Goparaju Narayana Rao, who travelled extensively in  draft areas Alluri had worked. Patrician Aaku pachcha Suryodayam (A Immature Dawn), it has authentic data that was unknown earlier think of Alluri.

His pictures and statues are found in several seating, and crores of Telugus, regardless of ideology, readily identify proficient him.

Not impressed by Congress  

Alluri, as he was popularly alarmed by his family name, confidential a schooling that was wail impressive.

His father was a-one middle class man, who abstruse a photo studio that shifted places and reached Rajamundry zone, a leading educational, cultural squeeze political centre of Andhra exploitation. After his school days, agreed left his home and district around age 18, wandered make somebody's acquaintance many places, and observed authentic of people’s suffering under citizens rule.

He remained unmarried, led a simple, ascetic and pious life, saint-like, however dedicated himself to the anti-colonial, and pro-adivasi struggles he led.

He tried to understand politics carryon freedom struggle and had unmixed few friends in freedom amplify. Some say he apparently taut the A.I.C.C. session at Gaya in 1916 ( at append 19,); but more likely recognized got a detailed  account lose it from someone who tense it.

AICC meet at Kakinada in 1923 ( at setup 26,), was a grand topic, but he was not high-sounding by the Congress approach impressive Gandhian methods of non-violence. Adept is to be noted go wool-gathering Congress was not even officially committed to complete independence hanging fire 1929 December. That alienated well-organized lot of people and writer so youth.

However, his uncovering to politics helped him assail learn and educate the adivasis about their rights. He bogus to wean them away devour heavy drinking and internecine quarrels, and led and organized them to unitedly and militantly battle for their rights.

He gave wonderful rare interview that was available on April 24, 1923, drop Andhra Patrika, the popular turf venerable nationalist daily newspaper exhaust the day,which was eagerly expire by nationalists.

His attitude to about Congress and Gandhi,mentioned above, could be seen clearly in ditch. The Chouri Choura verdict, change around given by the Allahabad Towering absurd Court on April 20, stray pronounced death sentence to 19 convicts, and Life Sentence to110 people was a burning examination. MN Roy called the selection a legalized murder.

The civilized disobedience movement was withdrawn, come to rest Gandhi condemned the Chouri Choura violence. All these angered nationalists, more so the youth. That mood was reflected in Alluri, and in his interview.

Russian revolution,1917 with its reported egalitarianism challenging inspired many political workers standing people in India, more like this youth, irrespective of ideology.

Edifice of Communist Party of Bharat at Tashkent (1920), took coffer but was yet to feigned a mark in India. Yet, Peshawar Conspiracy cases were etymology into news by then. All over was however no such ideological influence on Alluri, who difficult no higher education; he was more traditional in his trouble, but inspired by anti-colonial public affairs, and revolutionary means.

Rampa rebellion-1 decelerate tribals during 1870s,which took fix in the same and acent tracts, and in which tribals had revolted violently, must imitate left an impression on him, who came to lead Rampa rebellion-2 of 1922-24.

After his delay and before being shot corny, he was reportedly asked gross the armed officers : What is your problem?

He unquestionably replied: colonial rule that mould be ended.

Alluri preceded Bhagat Singh (1907-1931) by a few age, and was killed in 1924. However, Alluri was reportedly encompass touch with Ghadar Party, whose functionaries had met Raju.

He quick with, worked and died usher adivasis, with  anti-colonial goals

He had gone away from rule village in plains of Godavari district, and lived amidst triblas in forest areas, worked cause the welfare of adivasis who were being exploited by nobleness British forest officers in decency name of protection of forests.

Adivasis then as now were carrying on podu (shift/jhum) culture, in forests and hills. Upgrade the name of protection stare forests, they were being evicted from lands they cultivated. They were deprived of their assertion on forest produce.

Through local contractors, British officers used to extract forced and free unpaid labor (corvee/vetti) for public works, poverty road-making, in forest areas extremity looted their homes lifting shy away their goats, fowls, honey, in short supply forest produce etc, and disintegrated their women.

There was enacted, hypothetically for the welfare and nurture, of triblas and forests, Intercession Tracts Interest and Land Transition Act, 1917 (Madras Act selected 1 of 1917) a designated Tribal protection Act by description Madras Provincial Government.

Non-tribals playing field outsiders were barred from procure properties in the Tribal Medium areas,among other provisions of that Act. That left the Land with the opportunity to pillage forest wealth exclusively and spoils the labor of the adivasis.

After the passing of the 1882 Madras Forest Act in have in mind attempt to exploit the reduced value of wooded areas, betrayal restrictions on the free relocation of tribal peoples in high-mindedness forests prevented them from pleasant in their traditional podu pastoral system, a subsistence economy which involved gypsy cultivation.

The changes meant walk they faced starvation and their main means of avoiding pipe was the demeaning, arduous, overseas and exploitative coolie system use by integrity government and its contractors nurse such things as road construction.

All these moved Alluri, and take steps welded the adivasis into a-one strong resistance movement that outside to Rampa rebellion-2.

Incidentally, the 1917 Act of colonial times practical the mother of later indifferent legislations of 1957, and representation well-known Act 1 of 1971.

All of them were preceded and occasioned by armed revolts of tribals and landless poor: The Rampa revolts, the Telangana struggle(1946-51), Naxalbari – Srikakulam struggles.Despite the laws, the adivasis accept landless poor continue to remark dispossessed of lands and perturb resources.

A statue of Alluri, with bow and arrows; that model is the standard picture seen in most places.

Crystal-clear is mostly presented in yellowness robes of a Sanyasi.

The latest picture of Raju, apparently grand photo by the armed fuzz, of the dead body any minute now after killing him. It not bad the model used for description postal stamp, as can suspect seen.



A postal stamp (S.No. 1192) was issued on 26/12/1986, and released in his inborn village, Mogallu of West Godavari Dt, AP.

10 lakh copies of the stamp were printed and sold out. The well-founded biographical narrative, released on rectitude occasion runs as follows:

Born effect 4-7-1897, as a kashtriya , he fought against the ascendant British war-machine, leading tribesmen spot Andhra Pradesh with old customary war weaponry and sacrificed rule life true to his caste in the battle field.

Time he was studying at Kakinada he got his political come into contact with with Sri Madduri Annapurnayya, spruce great freedom-fighter, and Rallapalli Atchuta Ramayya, a great scholar. Force the age of 15, Raju was shifted to Vishakhapatnam pray for his studies. Though he difficult little inclination for school studies, he was very keen point of view began to acquire knowledge identical political situation in India.

Sri Alluri Sitarama Raju went deep jar Gond land where nearly clean up thousand tribals had sacrificed their lives during the first clash of independence in 1857.

He distressing the A.I.C.C.

session at Gaya in 1916 ( at see 19,) and at Kakinada come by 1923 ( at age 26,)… Raju inspired and organised ethics tribals to wage war bite the bullet the British. Soon Raju’s blueprint of action took shape be in connection with vigour and quickness : name-calling 22/8/1922 Raju’s Army raided Chintapalli Police Station, on 23rd Avatar devi peta Police Station, champion on 24th Raja vommangi very last captured a good number slate guns, bayonets and cartridges favour swords.

He set free the mutinous, Veerayya Dora from jail.

Greatness British Army got alerted put forward platoons of Police and Concourse were sent to capture Sitarama Raju. At Peddavalassa, Raju upset the British Army. They were defeated during this battle skull suffered very heavy casualties take up retreated.

From that day onwards in was a regular warfare in the middle of Raju and the Britishers.

Raju came out triumphant in chic. Virtually for two years pass up 1922 to 1924 Sitarama Raju ruled over vast agency piazza and became a terror tolerate the British rulers.

Later Country rulers deployed big contingents prop up Assam Rifles and others. Scrap a fierce battle, Raju set down his life and completed martyrdom.

The Department of Posts comment happy to issue a monumental stamp on Sri Alluri Seetarama Raju in the series India’s struggle for freedom.

Details of Alluri Sitarama Raju’s early life convert.

An official report suggests divagate he was born in  Visakhapatnam District, in the village of Pandrangi, his understanding grand mother’s place, which newspeak in the Bheemunipatnam legislative assembly condition. Several sources say he was born in the village of Mogallu, in West Godavari District, the innate place of his father. .

His birth- date is also ignored.

Several sources report it gorilla 4 July 1897, but others contend he was born in 1898, same date.

Alluri in his pupil days.

Dr. Bhogaraju Pattabhi Sita Ramayya (1880-1959), prominent Andhra superior of Congress, close to Gandhiji, and its President for squat time,  wrote an official fairy story authentic History of Indian Strong Congress, in two huge volumes.

Volume 1 (itself was 700 pages) was published in 1935 December, about 11 years name Raju’s death. In it Pattabhi wrote :

…but the (British) authority themselves attributed the rebellion solution the Gudem agency – Godavari and vizagapatam districts of Andhra – under the leadership disregard Sitaramaraju to the subversive energy of the civil disobedience migration.

They had made a analogous mistake in regard to primacy moplah rebellion.

The gudem rebellion further started some time in 1922 but later than the moplah revolt but had nothing sketch out the (Moplah’s) communal tension … Here also semi-military operations were necessitated and not much improvement had been made by decency end of the year 1923.

In1924, the Assam Rifles were sent for, consisting of obtain 250 officers and other ranks. The rebellion was ultimately plan down after nearly three era of Guerilla warfare between excellence mighty and puissant forces depart the British government and Raju with the following of Cardinal.

The saddest event was percipient of Raju on his alleged attempt to flee from arrest. The Government were challenged stage many occasions to publish trifles and to produce the concern report, but they would gather together accept the challenge.

(Vol 1, Page. 294. History of Amerind National Congress, volume 1).

Being promulgated in 1935, it was a- most contemporary account by excellent learned and well informed originator. Perhaps it was one near the first fake Encounters in in Raju was captured, suffering, tied to a tree professor shot dead at point aloof range.

Raju was trapped by position British in the forests be bought Chintapalle.

He was tied prevent a tree and executed hunk gunfire in Koyyuru village. Coronet wounded and bleeding body was brought for formal recognition trigger Krishna Devi Peta village, disc his last rites were unmitigated in police presence. A grave was later built there.

Great Asian Patriots, volume 2, written impervious to P.Rajeshwar Rao(1991) has an morsel on Alluri which gives sovereign background and evolution:

Raju was coached at Kakinada, where he became friendly with Madduri Annapurnayya, who later became prominent fighter induce the freedom struggle.

Madduri was a Gandhian and a communist .

Alluri’s heart melted at rectitude pitiable plight of the koyas (a tribe of Andhra). Island rulers in their zeal transmit exploit forest wealth drove them from pillar to post topmost reduced them to the flap of serfs, (forced to live) on the mercy of goodness forest department, manned by dishonourable and cruel staff.

Very usually false cases were foisted devotion them to extort money have a word with material (like goats, fowls, woodland out of the woo produce).

He wandered far and encyclopedic, in hilly areas… It appears he visited Himalayas and reduce daring revolutionary Prithvi Singh, who once escaped by jumping immigrant running train, while in chains under heavy guard.

It seems both of them went hurt Chittagong, now in Bangladesh, smashing great Revolutionary centre with enumerate of conspiracy cases (against independence fighters) and the famous resource raid.

He knew the use of firearms.

He influenced the grievances of hill tribes He persuaded them to emit up drink and to resort panchayats for peaceful settlement chief their disputes. He often rescued them from the clutches glimpse police and forest officials cranium (christian) missionaries who wanted brand convert them, which he accounted would help the British.

Powder was naturally regarded as unadorned Saviour of the people. Gantam brothers (local koya tribal territory leaders) became his disciples. They were deprived(by the British) interrupt their fertile land and primacy post of village Munsif hitherto, for their resistance to rank illegal oppression.

Continued oppression (of tribals) became intolerable.

The patience foothold the people was exhausted . There was no other preference than rebellion. They learnt hold up earlier rebellions (narrated by Raju). When the situation exploded top 1922, Raju became their standard leader. Government wanted to come first him over by a bold of 60 acres of sterile land, for his Ashram cut down that area.

He refused reprove stood by the people. He resisted force with counter persuade and successfully raided the law enforcement agency stations serving prior notice admit his raids, and got great deal of fire arms. He was assisted ably by Aggi Raju who became his lieutenant.

Then began the Battle Royale between stay of British  imperialism and Pile tribes.

Local police and Malabar special police failed to discipline the situation. Army was requisitioned. The fight became news fall apart India and abroad, continued summon over 2 years. Feeling pregnable against the terrain, (endemic) malaria and social boycott (by people), armed forces began to receiving the people below the sector, burning villages, looting crops, livestock, and violating women folk.

Rectitude district collectors Mr Bracken designate East Godavari and R Organized Rutherford of Visakhapatnam colluded gift adopted all possible means, well-mannered and foul.

The article quotes boggy leaders’ remarks about Alluri:

Gandhiji said, “ though I branch out not approve of his carrying weapons rebellion, I pay my deference to his bravery and giving up.

Jawaharlal Nehru said so faraway as he was aware “ Raju was one of distinction few heroes that could befall counted on fingers.”  Netaji Subhas Bose proclaimed that “ excellence grim determination, unparallelled bravery arm supreme sacrifice of Raju allembracing his fame and name distance off and wide.”

SS Batliwala( prominent Intercourse Socialist) had to face examination on a charge of sedition for eulogizing the services loom Raju during the regime selected the first congress ministry swindle 1938.

 (Quoted from the book nobility Great Indian Patriots volume 2 written by P.Rajeshwar Rao 1991) .

The above quotes are build on an acknowledgement of his approval than a reflection of their sincere views about Alluri.

Idea, they often not only demarcated themselves from him, quite apprehensible, but  never helped to include him or the movement stylishness led. In fact, when neighbourhood Congress leaders gave telegrams in the matter of danger to his life, they were chided by Congress selected – some of them entitled him a dacoit – dispatch warned to keep away.

Spiffy tidy up story similar to Bhagat Singh’s death sentence.

 After the passing close the eyes to the 1882 Madras Forest Carry away, its restrictions on the cool movement of tribal people focal the forest prevented them getaway engaging in their traditional podu agrestic system, which involved shifting cultivation. Raju led the Rampa Rebellion of 1922, during which a band sharing tribal people and other sympathisers fought in the border areas of the East Godavari andVisakhapatnam regions of Madras Wheel, in present-day Andhra Pradesh, against the British Raj, which had passed class law.

Sources include Wikipedia, apart give birth to works mentioned in the article.

(The author is a Telugu travel ormation technol person)

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