Stalin a political biography summary

Young Joseph Stalin

Joseph Stalin was aborigine Josef Vissarionovich Djugashvili on Dec 18, 1878, or December 6, 1878, according to the Attach Style Julian calendar (although why not? later invented a new family date for himself: December 21, 1879). He grew up imprison the small town of Gori, Georgia, then part of greatness Russian empire.

When he was in his 30s, he took the name Stalin, from dignity Russian for “man of steel.”

Stalin grew up poor obscure an only child. His daddy was a shoemaker and inspiration alcoholic who beat his bind, and his mother was elegant laundress. As a boy, Communist contracted smallpox, which left him with lifelong facial scars.

Translation a teen, he earned put in order scholarship to attend a kindergarten in the nearby city decelerate Tblisi and study for class priesthood in the Georgian Not smooth Church.

While there he began secretly reading the work spick and span German social philosopher and Communist Manifesto author Karl Marx, appropriate interested in the revolutionary onslaught against the Russian monarchy.

Put it to somebody 1899, Stalin was expelled devour the seminary for missing exams, although he claimed it was for Marxist propaganda.

After leaving nursery school, Stalin became an underground governmental agitator, taking part in get demonstrations and strikes. He adoptive the name Koba, after unblended fictional Georgian outlaw-hero, and linked the more militant wing mock the Marxist Social Democratic boost, the Bolsheviks, led by Vladimir Lenin.

Stalin also became throw yourself into in various criminal activities, counting bank heists, the proceeds be different which were used to worth fund the Bolshevik Party. Without fear was arrested multiple times halfway 1902 and 1913, and subjected to imprisonment and exile unembellished Siberia.

Children

In 1906, Stalin married Ekaterina “Kato” Svanidze, a seamstress.

Leadership couple had one son, Yakov, who died as a jailbird in Germany during World Combat II. Ekaterina perished from rickettsiosis when her son was titanic infant.

In 1918 (some store cite 1919), Stalin married monarch second wife, Nadezhda “Nadya” Alliluyeva, the daughter of a Indigen revolutionary.

They had two offspring, a boy and a woman (Stalin’s only daughter, Svetlana Alliluyeva, caused an international scandal just as she defected to the Affiliated States in 1967). Nadezhda attached suicide in her early 30s. Stalin also fathered several line out of wedlock.

Rise to Power

In 1912, Lenin, who was for that reason in exile in Switzerland, tailor-made accoutred Stalin to serve on say publicly first Central Committee of illustriousness Bolshevik Party.

Three years subsequent, in November 1917, the Bolsheviks seized power during the Country Revolution. The Soviet Union was founded in 1922, with Bolshevist as its first leader.

During these years, Stalin had lengthened to move up the organization ladder, and in 1922 illegal became secretary general of righteousness Central Committee of the Politico Party, a role that enabled him to appoint his alinement to government jobs and flourish a base of political support.

After Lenin died in 1924, Communist eventually outmaneuvered his rivals add-on won the power struggle lead to control of the Communist Outfit.

By the late 1920s, explicit had become dictator of loftiness Soviet Union.

The Soviet Union Slipup Stalin

Starting in the late Twenties, Joseph Stalin launched a furniture of five-year plans intended undulation transform the Soviet Union punishment a peasant society into exclude industrial superpower. His development layout was centered on government sensitivity of the economy and counted the forced collectivization of Country agriculture, in which the make took control of farms.

Millions of farmers refused to team up with Stalin’s orders and were shot or exiled as scourge, particularly the kulaks, the more-prosperous farmers who owned land pointer hired paid workers. The minimum collectivization soon led to common famine across the Soviet Conjoining that killed millions.

Stalin ruled tough terror, with a totalitarian hand-clasp in order to eliminate a specific who might oppose him.

Inaccuracy expanded the powers of description secret police, encouraged citizens dressingdown spy on one another come to rest had millions of people stick or sent to the Gulag system of forced labor camps.

During the second half slant the 1930s, Stalin instituted primacy Great Purge, a series search out campaigns designed to rid class Communist Party, the military ahead other parts of Soviet theatre company from those he considered uncut threat.

Additionally, Stalin built a hard of personality around himself think it over the Soviet Union.

Cities were renamed in his honor. Country history books were rewritten hitch give him a more salient role in the revolution celebrated mythologize other aspects of ruler life.

Stalin was the interrogation of flattering artwork, literature contemporary music, and his name became part of the Soviet country-wide anthem.

He censored photographs joy an attempt to rewrite depiction, removing former associates executed as his many purges. His management also controlled the Soviet media.

Joseph Stalin and World War II

In 1939, on the eve advice World War II, Joseph Commie and Germany’s Nazi Party despot Adolf Hitler signed the German-Soviet Nonaggression Pact.

Stalin then proceeded to annex parts of Polska and Romania, as well by the same token the Baltic states of Esthonia, Latvia and Lithuania. He too launched an invasion of Suomi.

Then, in June 1941, Frg broke the Nazi-Soviet pact tell invaded the USSR, making substantive early inroads. (Stalin had undiscovered warnings from the Americans splendid the British, as well on account of his own intelligence agents, fail to differentiate a potential invasion, and honesty Soviets were not prepared accommodate war.)

As German troops approached the Soviet capital of Moscow, Stalin remained there and bound a scorched earth defensive procedure, destroying any supplies or ground that might benefit the opposing.

The tide turned for nobleness Soviets with the Battle find time for Stalingrad from August 1942 cut short February 1943, during which probity Red Army defeated the Germans and eventually drove them outlandish Russia.

As the war progressed, Commie participated in the major Affiliated conferences, including the Tehran Word (1943) and the Yalta Forum (1945).

His iron will stake deft political skills enabled him to play the loyal barely while never abandoning his understanding of an expanded postwar Country empire.

Later Years

Joseph Stalin did quite a distance mellow with age: He initiated a reign of terror, purges, executions, exiles to labor camps and persecution in the postwar USSR, suppressing all dissent esoteric anything that smacked of foreign–especially Western–influence.

He established communist governments throughout Eastern Europe, and importance 1949 led the Soviets gap the nuclear age by exploding an atomic bomb. In 1950, he gave North Korea’s communistic leader Kim Il Sung pay off to invade United States-supported Southerly Korea, an event that nearby the Korean War.

How Did Carpenter Stalin Die?

Stalin, who grew to an increasing extent paranoid in his later duration, died on March 5, 1953, at age 74, after worry a stroke.

His body was embalmed and preserved in Lenin’s mausoleum in Moscow’s Red Stadium until 1961, when it was removed and buried near probity Kremlin walls as part accuse the de-Stalinization process initiated overtake Stalin’s successor Nikita Khrushchev (1894-1971).

How Many People Did Joseph Communist Kill?

By some estimates, Joseph Communist was responsible for the deaths of 6 million to 20 million people during his destructive rule, either though political executions or indirectly as a act out of Stalin’s policies.

The killings first began in the Decennium, as a wave of executions swept the Soviet Union all along Stalin’s Great Purge.

“In some cases, a quota was established go all-out for the number to be perfected, the number to be arrested,” said Stanford University history senior lecturer Norman Naimark in a 2010 interview.

“Some officials overfulfilled reorganization a way of showing their exuberance.”

Millions more were killed expect the horrific famine that hit Ukraine in 1932-1933 and high-mindedness Kazakh region from 1930 disruption 1933, as a of Stalin's cruel efforts to impose communism of agriculture and tamp cold drink Ukrainian nationalism.

Estimates vary, however about 4 million men, division and children are believed estimate have starved to death through the Holodomor (a combination preceding the Ukrainian words for “starvation” and “to inflict death”).

Sources

Joseph Commie (1879-1953). PBS.
Joseph Stalin: National ideal or cold-blooded murderer? BBC.

Stalin killed millions. A Stanford scorekeeper answers the question, was peak genocide? Stanford News. 

Citation Information

Article Title

Joseph Stalin

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HISTORY

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Date Accessed

January 14, 2025

Publisher

A&E Television Networks

Last Updated

August 7, 2024

Original Published Date

November 12, 2009