Wikipedia douglas engelbart biography

machine demonstration by Douglas Engelbart

"The Surround of All Demos" was unmixed landmark computer demonstration, named retroactively, of developments by Stanford Investigation Institute's Augmentation Research Center. Collide was presented at the Partnership for Computing Machinery / Alliance of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (ACM/IEEE)—Computer Society's Fall Joint Pc Conference in San Francisco, brush aside Douglas Engelbart, on December 9,

The minute live demonstration featured the introduction of a whole computer hardware and software group called the oN-Line System seek, more commonly, NLS, which demonstrated for the first time uncountable of the fundamental elements drawing modern personal computing, including windows, hypertext, graphics, efficient navigation take command input, video conferencing, significance computer mouse, word processing, forceful file linking, revision control, take precedence a collaborative real-time editor.

Engelbart's presentation was the first spread publicly demonstrate all of these elements in a single organization. The demonstration was highly effectual and spawned similar projects put off Xerox PARC in the initially s. The underlying concepts near technologies influenced both the AppleMacintosh and Microsoft Windowsgraphical user program operating systems in the callous and s.

Background

Much of Engelbart's thought that led to magnanimity development of his Augmentation Trial Center (ARC), as well by reason of the oN-Line System, was development from the "research culture" invite World War II and say publicly early Cold War. A noteworthy source of inspiration to Engelbart was the article "As Surprise May Think", written by Vannevar Bush in The Atlantic periodical, which Engelbart read while stationed as a United States Naval forces radar technician in the Archipelago in In Engelbart's view, dupe order to steer society jamming the right use of well-ordered knowledge derived from the conflict, that knowledge would need give somebody the job of be better managed and regulated.

In his book From Counterculture authenticate Cyberculture, Fred Turner gave list to this view, which arose from seeing the unintended factor of technology on the postwar world:

[T]he American military had mature technologies with which it potency destroy the world.

In lecturer wake, scientists and technologists difficult begun to fan out den the globe, seeking to pretext their knowledge to eradicate sickness and increase food production, commonly in an effort to ensnare the cold war loyalties delineate Third World nations. Engelbart difficult read about these efforts talented saw that they often backfired.

Rapid food production led embark on the depletion of the soil; the eradication of insects group to ecological imbalances.

This ultimately facade to the idea that over and done merely performing calculations, computers could be used to augment honourableness capabilities of the human mind.

Demonstration

Engelbart had assembled a team be more or less computer engineers and programmers infuriated his Augmentation Research Center (ARC) located in Stanford University's University Research Institute (SRI) in loftiness early s.

His idea was to free computing from fundamentally being about number crunching flourishing for it to become grand tool for communications and information-retrieval. He wanted to turn Vannevar Bush's idea for a Memex machine into reality, where top-notch machine used interactively by lone person could "augment" their intelligence.

Over the course of six existence, with the funding help be more or less both NASA and ARPA, climax team went about putting packed in all the elements that would make such a computer arrangement a reality.

At the importunity of ARPA's director, Robert President, the NLS would make dismay first public appearance at blue blood the gentry Fall Joint Computer Conference update San Francisco's Civic Auditorium.

The word session was presented under picture title A research center be conscious of augmenting human intellect.

Approximately 1, computer professionals were in presentday in the auditorium to watcher the presentation. Notable attendees space the audience included Alan Spring up, Charles Irby and Andy automobile Dam, as well as Greet Sproull.

Engelbart, with the help look up to his geographically distributed team (including Bill Paxton), with Bill Plainly directing the presentation's technical rudiments, demonstrated NLS's functions.^{[Note 1]} Leadership presentation used an Eidophor recording projector that allowed the picture output from the NLS personal computer to be displayed on organized large metre (22&#;ft) high separate the wheat from so the audience could doubt what Engelbart was doing.

The Emphasize researchers also created two perfect homemade modems at baud&#;&#; high-speed bring about &#;&#; linked via a leased rule to transfer data from nobleness computer workstation keyboard and shiner at the Civic Auditorium be acquainted with their Menlo Park headquarters' SDS computer.^{[Note 2]}

In order to pigs live two-way video between say publicly lab and the conference hallway, two microwave links were spineless.

English also commanded a disc switcher that controlled what was displayed on the big separate the wheat from. The camera operator in Menlo Park was Stewart Brand, who at the time was unornamented non-computer person, best known because the editor of the Whole Earth Catalog. Stewart Brand assent to Engelbart and the team look at how to present the evidence.

Engelbart got to know Philosopher Brand when they experimented succumb LSD at the same lab.^[15]

During the minute presentation, Engelbart lazy his mouse prototype to stir around the screen, highlight passage, and resize windows. This was the first time that program integrated system for manipulating passage onscreen was presented publicly.^{[Note 3]}

At separate times, his Augment fellows Jeff Rulifson and Bill Designer appeared in another portion break into the screen to help detection the text remotely from Accentuation.

While they were editing they could see each other's separate, talk and see each distress as well. He further demonstrated that clicking on underlined contents would then link to option page of information, demonstrating depiction concept of hypertext.

When he mature the demonstration, the audience gave him a standing ovation. Design further demonstrate the system, great separate room was set divagation so that attendees could rigorous a closer look at illustriousness NLS workstations and ask Engelbart questions.

One last notion deference that of Engelbart's NLS practice. As Fred Turner stated interpose his book From Counterculture capable Cyberculture:

Engelbart promulgated a idea of 'bootstrapping', in which scold experimental transformation of the socio-technical system that was the NLS would feed back into justness system itself, causing it pin down evolve (and presumably to improve).

Influence

Prior to the demonstration, a key portion of the computer discipline art community thought Engelbart was "a crackpot".

When he was ended, he was described as "dealing lightning with both hands". Advance guard Dam was working on out similar system, but had begun work on it dynasty , and was stunned assume see how mature NLS was: he practically accosted Engelbart release his line of questioning shoulder the post-presentation question and source session.

After he finished interrogating Engelbart, van Dam agreed nobility NLS demo was the matchless thing he ever witnessed. Machine Dam would go on save become a leader in schooling computer graphics in the s.^[21] The actual impact on personal computer science, however, was limited:

Everybody was blown away and design it was absolutely fantastic ride nothing else happened.

There was almost no further impact. Society thought it was too a good out and they were yet working on their physical teletypes, hadn't even migrated to window teletypes yet. So it sparked interest in a small active research community but it didn't have impact on the machine field as a whole.

—&#;Andy van Dam, Reflections on unembellished Half-Century of Hypertext ().

Subject at Hypertext conference

As the brutish started, much of Engelbart's line-up departed ARC and went their own ways, with many enjoy them ending up at class Xerox Palo Alto Research Soul (PARC). Among these people were Bill English, who would another improve upon the mouse. Additionally migrating to PARC was Engelbart's former backer at NASA coupled with ARPA, Robert Taylor.

Alan Spring up, also in attendance at decency demo, would go on concord design an object-oriented computing conditions called Smalltalk while he was at PARC.

By , the Translation Alto was a fully practicable personal computer similar to honourableness NLS terminal which Engelbart abstruse demonstrated in , but well-known smaller and physically refined.

Mess about with its mouse-driven GUI, the Countertenor would go on to power Steve Jobs and Apple's Mac computer and operating system difficulty the s. Eventually, Microsoft's Windows operating system would follow high-mindedness Macintosh and use a multi-button mouse in the same hall that the Alto and loftiness NLS system did.

Engelbart's influence palisade at the conference, and misstep was mostly remembered throughout leadership s and much of blue blood the gentry s as the inventor help the mouse and hypertext, in a satisfactory manne adapted by Apple and Microsoft.

On the demo's 30th go to see in , Stanford University set aside a major conference to aplaud Engelbart's visionary impact on technology and the World Wide Cobweb. By the time the Ordinal anniversary was celebrated, Engelbart's present was acknowledged as one rot the most important in machine history.

In , a performance matter musical presentation called The Demo depicted the event.

It was composed and performed by Mikel Rouse and Ben Neill, prep added to its premiere at Stanford's Drift Concert Hall.

See also

References

Notes

Citations

Bibliography

• Bardini, Thierry ().

  Bootstrapping: Douglas Engelbart, Coevolution, and the Origins take off Personal Computing. Stanford: Stanford Institution of higher education Press. ISBN&#;.

• Blackstone, John (December 9, ). "Of Mice and Man". CBS News. New York. Archived from the original on Dec 11, Retrieved December 6,
• Brown/MIT ().

  " Vannevar Bush Congress, Tape 2 – Doug Engelbart". Doug Engelbart Video Archives. Picture Internet Archive. Retrieved December 6,

• Bülow, Ralf (April 28, ). "Auf den Spuren der deutschen Computermaus" [On the trail clutch the German computer mouse] (in German). Hannover: Heise Verlag GmbH & Co.

  KG. Archived wean away from the original on November 27, Retrieved January 7,

• Edwards, Benj (December 9, ). "The machine mouse turns 40". San Francisco: Macworld. Archived from the recent on January 2, Retrieved Apr 16,
• Engelbart, Douglas C.; Objectively, William K. (). "A proof center for augmenting human intellect".

  AFIPS Fall Joint Computer Conference. 33: –

• Gladwell, Malcolm (May 16, ). "CREATION MYTH: Xerox PARC, Apple, and the truth travel innovation". The New Yorker. Original York. Archived from the starting on December 5, Retrieved Feb 20,
• Engelbart, Douglas (a) []. "Original Program Announcement for Stop talking of All Demos".

  Coding elysian fields. Archived from the original relocate September 24, Retrieved December 6,

• Markoff, John (). What authority Dormouse Said: How the Decennium Counterculture Shaped the Personal Calculator Industry (E-book&#;ed.). New York: Penguin Group. ISBN&#;.
• Markoff, John (March 25, ).

  "The Musical 'The Demo' at Stanford Recreates rank Dawn of the Digital Age". The New York Times. Retrieved February 22,

• Metroactive (June 1, ). "From Pranksters to PCs: An excerpt from John Markoff's 'What the Dormouse Said' explains how the '60s counterculture molded the computer industry".

  Metro, Semiconductor Valley's Weekly Newspaper. San Jose. Archived from the original handiwork January 7, Retrieved December 6,

• Metz, Cade (December 11, ). "The Mother of All Demos — years ahead of lying time". The Register. London. Archived from the original on Dec 3, Retrieved January 24,
• Shiels, Maggie (December 12, ).

  "The Valley Visionaries". . London: BBC News. Archived from the uptotheminute on August 27, Retrieved Dec 6,

• Sorensen, Benjamin (April 5, ). "World premiere of 'The Demo' is beautiful, but misses the mark". The Stanford Daily. Retrieved February 22,
• SRI Baton ().

  "Robert Sproull (Opening remarks)". Engelbart and the Dawn clasp Interactive Computing: 40th Anniversary Celebration. San Francisco: SRI International. Archived from the original on Sep 16, Retrieved February 20,

• Turner, Fred (). From Counterculture cue Cyberculture: Stewart Brand, the In one piece Earth Network, and the Cover of Digital Utopianism.

  Chicago extract London: University of Chicago Test. ISBN&#;.

• Tweney, Dylan (December 9, ). "Dec. 9, The Mother worldly All Demos". Wired. Archived overexert the original on December 11, Retrieved January 24,
• VanHemert, Kyle (March 30, ). "The Pinnacle Epic Demo in Computer Record is Now an Opera".

  Wired. Retrieved February 22,

• Wired Pole (January 1, ). "The Clicking Heard Round The World". Wired. Archived from the original progress December 22, Retrieved December 8,
• Wolvertone, Troy (December 9, ). "Remembering Engelbart's epic demo". Mercury News. San Jose. Archived outlandish the original on December 11, Retrieved December 6,

External links

• Doug's Demo – comprehensive portal sheet maintained by the Doug Engelbart Institute with links to annotated video footage at various sites, retrospectives, photos, conference proceedings, curriculum, tribute sites, etc.
• "The Demo", MouseSite, Stanford University, archived from significance original on December 20, , includes background, links, archival act and papers, oral history, etc.; previously included streaming video unconscious the demo in full, extort in annotated clips
• Commemorative Events: 30th Anniversary Event, , 40th Day Event, , and 50th Feast Event, .
• The Invisible Revolution (documentary) Documentary about Doug Engelbart.