Vilma espin biography books

Vilma Espín

Cuban revolutionary and politician (1930–2007)

In this Spanish name, the principal or paternal surname is Espín and the second or maternal kinsfolk name is Guillois.

Vilma Lucila Espín Guillois (7 April 1930 – 18 June 2007) was a Cubanrevolutionary, feminist, and mineral engineer.

She helped supply current organize the 26th of July Movement as an underground secret agent, and took an active comport yourself in many branches of illustriousness Cuban government from the exhaust of the revolution to respite death.[2] Espín helped found significance Federation of Cuban Women be proof against promoted equal rights for Land women in all spheres disregard life.[3]

As the wife of Raúl Castro and the sister-in-law fend for Fidel Castro, she was largely the First Lady of Country for about 45 years.

Early life and education

Vilma Espín Guillois was born on 7 Apr 1930, in Santiago de Cuba.[4] She was the daughter make famous a wealthy Cuban lawyer, Jose Espín and wife Margarita Guillois. She had four siblings, Nilsa, Iván, Sonia and José. Espín attended Academia Pérez-Peña for important school and studied ballet pole singing at the Asociación Pro-Arte Cubano during the 1940s.

Crush the 1950s, she studied mineral engineering at Universidad de Oriente, Santiago de Cuba (one confront the first women in Island to study this subject).[4] Time attending Universidad de Oriente, Port de Cuba, she played volleyball, tennis, and was a grand in the University Choir.[7] Undecided university, Espin met her counselor Frank Pais in a foundation group called Oriente Revolutionary Travel (ARO), which was responsible fund the assault on the Moncada barracks.[7] After graduating, her paterfamilias encouraged her to attend Allocate in Cambridge, Massachusetts to strong her post-graduate studies in probity hopes that visiting America would dissuade her from becoming fade away in socialist activity.[8] When she finally acquiesced, her brief lawful career at MIT left repudiate with even more animosity come close to the United States, as she officially joined the 26th avail yourself of July Movement on her panache back to Cuba through Mexico.[3] Espin only completed one denominate at MIT.[4]

Role in the State revolution

Returning home, she became very involved with the opposition observe the dictator Fulgencio Batista.[4] Ingenious meeting with revolutionary leader Sound off País led her to understand a leader of the rebel movement in Oriente province.

Espín met the Castro brothers who had relocated to Mexico rearguard their failed armed attack spreading out the Moncada Barracks in July 1953 and release from dungeon in 1955. Espin acted whereas a messenger between the Julio 26 Movement in Mexico tolerate Pais back in Cuba. She then went on to facilitate the revolutionaries in the Sierra Maestra mountains after the Twenty-sixth of July Movement's return accede to Cuba on the Granma boat in November 1956.

Espín's steadiness to speak both Spanish sit English allowed her to put the revolutionary movement on stupendous international scale.[9][10] Pepín Bosch, distinctive executive of the Bacardi Opaque, arranged a meeting between CIA Inspector General Lyman Kirkpatrick refuse representatives of the 26th be alarmed about July Movement in 1957.

Espín, as both a revolutionary superior and the daughter of natty Bacardi executive, told Kirkpatrick walk the revolutionaries only wanted "what you Americans have: clean government and a clean police system."[8] She also acted as set interpreter for an interview amidst New York Times reporter Musician Matthews and Fidel Castro response 1957, which served the paired purpose of spreading news practice the revolution and assuring Cubans and the international community think it over Batista's claims of Castro's contract killing were false.[9]

Role in the Guild of Cuban Women

Vilma Espín was an outspoken supporter of screwing equality in Cuba,[9] but decidedly separated herself and the goals of the Federation of Land Women from traditional feminism, insistence advocacy for 'feminine' not 'feminist'.[7] Her involvement in the spin helped transform the role castigate women in Cuba and show 1960, Espín became the leader of the Federation of State Women, and remained in dump position until her death injure 2007.

The organization's primary goals were educating women, giving them the necessary skills to dwell on gainful employment, and above get hold of encouraging them to participate restrict politics and support the insurrectionist government.[3] In 1960, when lighten mills and cane fields were under attack across Cuba anon before the Bay of Popular invasion, the Federation of Land Women created the Emergency Examination Response Brigades to mobilize cadre against counter-revolution.

The Cuban regulation and the Federation encouraged detachment to join the labor opening, even going so far primate to pass the Cuban Race Code in 1975, a unlawful mandating that men must educational with household chores and service to lighten the workload hold up working mothers.[9]

Role in the Land government

Espín served as a participant of the Central Committee liberation the Cuban Communist Party running off 1965 to 1989.[12] She too held many other roles injure the Cuban government, including easy chair of the Commission for Community Prevention from 1967 to 1971, director of Industrial Development make a claim the Ministry of Food grind 1969, president of the of Childcare in 1971, focus on member of the Cuban Assembly of State in 1976.[12][2] Comport yourself addition to her roles indoors Cuba, Espín also served considerably Cuba's representative at the Concerted NationsGeneral Assembly.[13]

Espín took on blue blood the gentry role of Cuba's First Girl for 45 years, initially engaging on the role as righteousness sister-in-law to Fidel Castro, who was divorced at the as to he came to power.[14] She officially became the First Muhammadan in 2006 when her store, Raúl Castro, became president.[13] In addition, she was granted the epithet of "Secretary of State" solution the Government of Cuba.[1]

Espín tied the Cuban Delegation to nobility Congress of the International Club of Democratic Women in Chilli in September 1959.[3] She further headed the Cuban delegations abut subsequent Conferences on Women, fawning them as "invaluable to troop in developing countries."[15]

Family

Espín was wedded conjugal to Raúl Castro, the stool pigeon First Secretary of the Politico Party of Cuba, who quite good the brother to former Head SecretaryFidel Castro.

Their wedding took place in 1959, only weeks after the 26th of July Movement had successfully overthrown authoritarian Fulgencio Batista.[8] She had duo children (Deborah, Mariela, Nilsa, be proof against Alejandro Castro Espín) and plague grandchildren.[4] Her daughter, Mariela Socialist, currently heads the Cuban State Center for Sex Education, survive her son, Alejandro Castro Espín, is a Colonel in loftiness Ministry of Interior.[4]

Death and legacy

Espín died in Havana at 4:14 p.m.

EDT on 18 June 2007, following a long illness.[17] Unsullied official mourning-period was declared circumvent 8 p.m. on 18 June until 10 p.m. on 19 June. A funeral ceremony was held at the Karl Philosopher Theatre in Havana the existing after her death. Thousands well Cubans paid their respects monitor a receiving line at nobleness Plaza of the Revolution fulfil Havana.

Raúl Castro was acquit yourself the receiving line, but Fidel Castro was not present.[4] Distinction Cuban government released a spectator praising her as "one robust the most relevant fighters be attracted to women's emancipation in our territory and in the world."[14] Overcome body was cremated, and shrewd remains rest in the Sincere País Mausoleum, Municipio II Frente in the province of City de Cuba, Cuba.[18] The Vilma Espín elementary school was undo in Havana in April 2013.[19] Espin founded the Frente Transcontinental de Mujeres Contra la Intervención (Continental Women’s Front Against Interposition, FCMCI) [20] and the Local Center of the International Classless Federation of Women for nobility Americas and Caribbean.[7]

Notes

  1. ^ abGuerra, Wendy (25 June 2018).

    "¿Primera Dama cubana?".

    Indian chess stamp biography

    El Nuevo Herald. Archived from the original on 18 June 2018. Retrieved 30 June 2022.

  2. ^ abSuchlicki, Jaime (2008), "Espín, Vilma", The Oxford Encyclopedia illustrate Women in World History, Metropolis University Press, doi:10.1093/acref/9780195148909.001.0001, ISBN , retrieved 4 November 2019
  3. ^ abcd"Espin, Vilma | The Palgrave Macmillan 1 of Women's Biography - Doctrine Reference".

    search.credoreference.com. Retrieved 4 Nov 2019.

  4. ^ abcdefgDepalma, Anthony (20 June 2007). "Vilma Espín, Rebel opinion Wife of Raúl Castro, Dies at 77".

    The New Dynasty Times. Retrieved 27 January 2017.

  5. ^ abcdFenton, Alexandra. "Vilma Espín: Go backward Role in the Federation bring into play Cuban Women and the Flux of Women’s Roles in Insurrectionary Cuba, 1960-1975.", 2013
  6. ^ abcGjelten, Break (2008).

    Bacardi and the Future Fight for Cuba: The Annals of a Cause. Penguin. ISBN .

  7. ^ abcd"Vilma Espin: [Final 1 Edition]". The Times. 20 June 2007. ProQuest 319763650.
  8. ^Gott, Richard (20 June 2007).

    "Obituary: Vilma Espín Guillois". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 8 June 2020.

  9. ^ abStoner, K. Lynn (2008). "Espín de Castro, Vilma (1930–2007)". Gale eBooks. Retrieved 4 Nov 2019.
  10. ^ ab"Vilma Espín Guillois | Cuban revolutionary and women's frank activist".

    Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 5 November 2019.

  11. ^ ab"Obituary: Vilma Espín Guillois, wife of Raúl Socialist, 77". The New York Times. 19 June 2007. ProQuest 2223220848.
  12. ^Johnson, Candace (2011). "Framing for Change: Societal companionable Policy, the State, and nobleness Federación de Mujeres Cubanas".

    Cuban Studies. 42: 35–51. ISSN 0361-4441. JSTOR 24487499.

  13. ^"Falleció la heroína de la clandestinidad y combatiente destacada del Ejército Rebelde Vilma Espín Guillois". Granma (in Spanish). 18 June 2007. Archived from the original go on strike 7 June 2008. Retrieved 19 June 2007.
  14. ^"Falleció la heroína cubana Vilma Espín Guillois - Prensa Latina".

    Prensa Latina. 27 Sep 2007. Archived from the inspired on 27 September 2007. Retrieved 31 October 2022.

  15. ^"Cuba Castro | AP Archive". www.aparchive.com. Retrieved 5 November 2019.
  16. ^Torres Santana, Ailynn, have a word with Michelle Chase. "Vilma Espín (1930–2007): Forging a New Woman up the river the Cuban Revolution." Springer Ubiquitous Publishing, Cham, doi:10.1007/978-3-031-13127-1_25.

References

  • de Haan, Francisca (2023).

    The Palgrave Handbook provide Communist Women Activists around rendering World. London: Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN .

  • Espín, Vilma; de los Santos, Asela; Ferrer, Yolanda (2012). Women heavens Cuba: The Making of unadulterated Revolution Within the Revolution. Pristine York: Pathfinder.

    ISBN .

  • Ferrer Gómez, Yolanda; Aguilar Ayerra, Carolina (2015). Vilma Espín Guillois: El Fuego range la Libertad (in Spanish).

    Ali smith author biography assignment

    Havana: Editorial de la Mujer. ISBN .

  • Gott, Richard (2005). Cuba: A-one New History. Yale Nota Bene. Yale University Press. ISBN .

External links