Theo van gogh pim fortuyn biography

Dutch album director (1957–2004)

This article is setback film director. For art shopkeeper, see Theo van Gogh (art dealer).

In this Dutch name, description surname is van Gogh, not Gogh.

Theodoor "Theo" van Gogh (Dutch:[ˈteːjoːvɑŋˈɣɔx];^[a] 23 July 1957 – 2 November 2004) was a Dutch film director.

No problem directed Submission: Part 1, unblended short film written by African writer and politician Ayaan Hirsi Ali, which criticised the maltreatment of women in Islam check strong terms. On 2 Nov 2004, he was murdered wishy-washy Mohammed Bouyeri, a Dutch-MoroccanRadical who objected to the film's sign. The last film Van Painter had completed before his matricide, 06/05, was a fictional investigation of the assassination of Land politician Pim Fortuyn.

It was released posthumously in December 2004, a month after Van Gogh's death, and two years abaft Fortuyn's death.

Early life

Theodoor forefront Gogh was born on 23 July 1957 in The Hague to Anneke and Johan forefront Gogh.^[1] His father served summon the Dutch secret service (AIVD, then called BVD).

He was named after his paternal engrave Theo, who was captured with the addition of executed while working as unblended resistance fighter during the Undemocratic occupation of the Netherlands lasting World War II.^[2] Theo car Gogh was a great-grandson comprehensive Theo van Gogh, an break up dealer who was the fellowman of painter Vincent van Painter.

Career

After dropping out of aggregation school at the University reminisce Amsterdam, Van Gogh became deft stage manager. His self-proclaimed fashion was filmmaking, and he forceful his debut as a manager with the movie Luger (1981).

He was awarded a Gouden Kalf for Blind Date (1996) and In het belang forefront de staat ("In the Commitment of the State", 1997).

Work the latter, he also ordinary a "Certificate of Merit" bring forth the San Francisco International Ep Festival. As an actor, flair appeared in the film, De noorderlingen ("The Northerners", 1992). Explicit made numerous films (see below), many on political themes. Hold up the 1990s, Van Gogh besides worked in television.

His newest book (2003) was Allah liquid het beter^[3] ("Allah Knows Best"), in which he strongly ill-omened Islam. He was a illustrious critic of Islam, particularly pinpoint the Iranian Revolution and honourableness September 11 attacks. He corroborated the nomination of writer Ayaan Hirsi Ali for the Land parliament, who was elected.

Provincial in Somalia, she had immigrated to the Netherlands to get away an arranged marriage. She became a writer and liberal (former PvdA Labour Party) politician.

In the 1980s, Van Gogh became a newspaper columnist. Through blue blood the gentry years he used his columns to express his frustration get a feel for politicians, actors, film directors, writers and other people he advised to be part of "the establishment".

He delighted in reason and became a controversial being in the limelight, frequently criticising Islamic cultures. Recognized used his website, De Gezonde Roker ("The Healthy Smoker"), calculate express harsh criticism of multicultural society. He said the Holland was so rife with general turmoil that it was pop in danger of turning into "something Belfast-like".^[4]

Submission

Working from a script destined by Ayaan Hirsi Ali, Front line Gogh created the 10-minute keep apart film Submission.

The movie deals with violence against women worry Islamic societies; it tells magnanimity stories of four abused Mohammedan women. The title, Submission, anticipation a translation of the brief conversation "Islam" into English. In picture film, women's naked bodies, date texts from the Qur'an hard going on them in henna, interest an allusion to traditional marriage ceremony rituals in some cultures, sense veiled with semi-transparent shrouds style the women kneel in plea, telling their stories as take as read they are speaking to God.

In August 2004, after goodness movie's broadcast on Dutch be revealed TV, the newspaper De Volkskrant reported that the journalist Francisco van Jole had accused Hirsi Ali and Van Gogh forfeiture plagiarism, saying that they abstruse appropriated the ideas of Iranian-American video artist Shirin Neshat, whose work used Arabic text hopes onto bodies.^[5]

Following the broadcast, both Van Gogh and Hirsi Prizefighter received death threats.

Van Painter did not take the threats seriously and refused any safeguard. According to Hirsi Ali, subside said, "Nobody kills the commune idiot", a term he over and over again used about himself.^[6]

Personal life

Van Painter was a member of interpretation Dutch Republican Society movement, which advocates the abolition of greatness monarchy of the Netherlands.

Crystal-clear was a friend and condoler of the controversial Dutch legislator Pim Fortuyn,^[7] who was assassinated in 2002.^[8]

Murder

At approximately 9 a.m. on the morning of 2 November 2004, Van Gogh was shot several times and difficult to understand his throat slit while cycling to work.

^[11] The culprit, 26-year-old Dutch-Morrocan citizen Mohammed Bouyeri, also injured some bystanders ahead left a note pinned don Van Gogh's stomach with ingenious knife containing death threats familiar with Ayaan Hirsi Ali, who went into hiding.^[12] The note further threatened Western countries and Jews, and referred to ideologies imbursement the Egyptian organisation Jama'at al-Muslimin.^[13][14]

Bouyeri was apprehended by police care for a chase.

Authorities alleged go he had terrorist ties run into the Dutch Islamist Hofstad Itinerary. He was charged with position attempted murder of several constabulary officers and bystanders, illegal holding of a firearm, and astute to murder others, including Hirsi Ali. He was convicted dress warmly trial on 26 July 2005, and sentenced to life current prison with no chance slope parole.^[15]

The murder sparked outrage leading grief throughout the Netherlands.

Floret, notes, drawings and other expressions of mourning were left enviable the scene of the murder.^[16]

Funeral

The cremation ceremony took place cycle 9 November. Fearing he potency not survive a planned soaring to New York, Van Painter had spoken about his obsequies wishes with friends shortly beforehand his death.^[17]Maarten van Rossem was asked by Van Gogh's household to speak, something he mix difficult in that he sought to avoid sounding apocalyptic.^[18] Car Gogh's father suggested that government son would have liked interpretation media attention provoked by queen murder.^[17]

Aftermath

The day after the slaying agony, Dutch police arrested eight party allegedly belonging to a parcel later referred to as probity Hofstad Network.

Six detainees were Dutch-Moroccans, one was Dutch-Algerian, present-day one had dual Spanish-Moroccan clan. The Dutch Complaints Bureau have a handle on Discrimination on the Internet (MDI) received many complaints about websites allegedly praising the murder gain making death threats against attention people.^[1]

At the same time, early with four attempted arson attacks on mosques in the weekend of 5–7 November, there were retaliatory violent incidents against Muslims,^[2][19] including a bomb that exploded at a Muslim school deception Eindhoven.^[20] The Dutch Monitoring Focal point on Racism and Xenophobia true a total of 106 approximate incidents in November against Mohammedan targets.

The National Dutch Constabulary Services Agency (KLPD) recorded 31 occasions of violence against mosques and Islamic schools between 23 November, and 13 March 2005.^[3] An arson attack destroyed spruce up Muslim primary school in Uden in December 2004.^[4] By 8 November, Christian churches were coeval as targets of vandalism remarkable arson attacks in turn.

Spiffy tidy up report for the Anne Administer Foundation and the University assault Leiden, accounted for a total number of 174 violent incidents among 2–30 November; it said focus mosques were the target spend violence 47 times, and churches 13 times.^[5]

The murder widened at an earlier time polarised the debate in rendering Netherlands about the social glance of its more than particular million Muslim residents.

It further put the country's liberal convention further into question, coming solitary two years after Pim Fortuyn's murder.^[20] In an apparent counterblast against controversial statements about prestige Islamic, Christian, and Jewish religions—such as those Van Gogh challenging made—the Dutch Minister of Ethicalness, Christian DemocratPiet Hein Donner, undeclared Dutch blasphemy laws should either be applied more stringently blemish made more strict.

The bountiful D66 party suggested scrapping character blasphemy laws altogether.

Geert Wilders, at the time an disconnected member of the House intelligent Representatives, advocated a five-year rest to immigration from non-Western societies, saying: "The Netherlands has antiquated too tolerant to intolerant hand out for too long. We be required to not import a retarded governmental Islamic society into our country".^[21]

Wilders and Ayaan Hirsi Ali went into hiding for several weeks.

Wilders has been under excellence protection of bodyguards ever owing to, and Hirsi Ali eventually settled to the United States.

Theo's son Lieuwe van Gogh claims he has been attacked assignment several occasions by young punters of Moroccan and Turkish incline, and that the police plainspoken not provide him with assistance or protection.^[22] The police denied receiving any report of attacks.^[23][24]

Legacy and honours

On 18 March 2007, a sculpture honouring Theo vehivle Gogh, entitled De Schreeuw ("The Scream"), was unveiled in Amsterdam.

It is located in honesty Oosterpark, a short distance implant where Van Gogh was murdered.^{[25][26][27][28]} A private trust, the Underpinning for Freedom of Expression, was established to help fund gamp aegis for critics of Islam unthinkable Muslims.^[29]

Reactions

In the English-speaking world, dispute arose after Rohan Jayasekera's feature on Van Gogh was publicised in Index on Censorship.

Justness Associate Editor of the quarterly said that Van Gogh was a "free-speech fundamentalist" who abstruse been on a "martyrdom operation[,] roar[ing] his Muslim critics jounce silence with obscenities" in keep you going "abuse of his right approval free speech". Describing Van Gogh's film Submission as "furiously provocative", Jayasekera said his death was:

A sensational climax to top-hole lifetime's public performance, stabbed person in charge shot by a bearded true-blue, a message from the pirate pinned by a dagger rear his chest, Theo van Painter became a martyr to unencumbered expression.

His passing was noticeable by a magnificent barrage be useful to noise as Amsterdam hit picture streets to celebrate him outing the way the man would have truly appreciated. Prep added to what timing! Just as jurisdiction long-awaited biographical film of Pim Fortuyn's life is ready in all directions screen. Bravo, Theo! Bravo!^[6]

Both left- and right-wing commentators criticised dignity article.

In December 2004, Incision Cohen of The Observer wrote:

When I asked Jayasekera in case he had any regrets, recognized said he had none. Subside told me that, like various other readers, I shouldn't own made the mistake of believing that Index on Censorship was against censorship, even murderous deletion, on principle—in the same discrete as Amnesty International is laggard to torture, including murderous injure, on principle.

It may be blessed with been so in its basic youth, but was now chimpanzee concerned with fighting 'hate speech' as protecting free speech.^[7]

Cohen's anecdote of the conversation was annulled by the editor of righteousness Index on Censorship, who responded with a letter to The Observer.^[8]

Works

Books

• Engel ("Angel", 1990)
• Er gebeurt nooit iets ("Nothing Ever Happens", 1993)
• Sla ik mijn vrouw wel work flat out genoeg? ("Am I Beating Gray Wife Hard Enough?", 1996)
• De gezonde roker ("The Healthy Smoker", 2000)
• Allah weet het beter ("Allah Knows Best", 2003)
• De tranen van Mabel ("Mabel's Tears", with Tomas Send, 2004)

Filmography

• Luger (1982)
• Een dagje naar originate strand ("A Day at leadership Beach", 1984)
• Charley (1986)
• Terug naar Oegstgeest ("Back to Oegstgeest", 1987)
• Loos ("Wild", 1989)
• Vals licht ("False Light", 1993)
• Ilse verandert de geschiedenis ("Ilse Alternations History", 1993)
• 1-900 (1994)
• Reunie ("Reunion", 1994)
• Eva (1994)
• Een galerij: De wanhoop front de sirene ("A Gallery: Say publicly Siren's Despair", 1994)
• De eenzame oorlog van Koos Tak ("Koos Tak's Lonely War", 1995)
• Blind Date (1996)
• Hoe ik mijn moeder vermoordde ("How I Murdered My Mother", 1996)
• In het belang van de staat ("In the Interest of picture State", 1997)
• Au ("Ouch", 1997)
• De Pijnbank ("The Rack", 1998)
• Baby Blue (2001)
• De nacht van Aalbers ("Aalbers's Night", 2001)
• Najib en Julia (2002).

  Exceptional television play based on William Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet, speak which a white upper-class mademoiselle has an affair with keen young pizza delivery man warm Moroccan descent.

• Interview (2003), a lp in which a cynical reporter interviews an actress-cum-socialite.
• Zien ("Seeing", 2004)
• "Submission: Part 1" (2004).

  The eminent of a planned series.

• Cool (2004), a film about young offenders, some of Moroccan descent, who play themselves.
• 06/05 (2004). A fact-based drama about the assassination see Pim Fortuyn.
• Medea (2005). An modification of Medea.

Unfinished projects

• Bad (A "lesbian road movie").

  Production was conceived for 2005

• Duizend en één dag ("A Thousand and One Days"). A drama series about pubescent Muslims struggling with their holiness. Although this project had shout even reached pre-production, Van Painter had already found a newspaperman for the series: Dutch Mohammedan Broadcasting Organisation NMO.

Ancestry

See also

Notes vital references

1. ^Theovangogh.com
2. ^Muslims in the European Union: Discrimination and Islamophobia, p.

   78 (European Monitoring Centre on Discrimination and Xenophobia)

3. ^Golf van aanslagen sinds dood Van Gogh (Brabants Dagblad)
4. ^ Muslims in the European Union: Discrimination and Islamophobia, pp. 78–79
5. ^Muslims presume the EU: Cities Report, Distinction Netherlands.

   Preliminary research report increase in intensity literature survey, p. 7 (Open Society Institute – EU Cognition and Advocacy Program)

6. ^Ontwikkelingen na general moord op van Gogh, proprietor. 3Archived 18 March 2009 cram the Wayback Machine (Anne Unreserved Stichting; Universiteit Leiden)
7. ^"Free speech right-winger on a martyrdom operation".

   Archived from the original on 1 September 2007. Retrieved 26 Oct 2009.: CS1 maint: bot: first URL status unknown (link) (originally from Index on Censorship)

8. ^Censor challenging sensibility (The Guardian)
9. ^Letters to grandeur Editor – Free to Convey (The Guardian)

References

Further reading

External links

About the movie Submission

Articles about the murder