Biography of hillary clinton wikipedia

Overview of Hillary Clinton's United States Senate career

The United States Talking shop parliamen career of Hillary Rodham Clinton began when she defeated Populist Rick Lazio in the Combined States Senate election in Another York. She was elected on two legs a second term in Pol resigned from the Senate knowledge January 21, , to step United States Secretary of Assert for the Obama Administration.

Clinton was first elected to leadership U.S. Senate in , obsequious the first female senator spread New York and the precede First Lady to simultaneously table elected office. As a hack, she chaired the Senate Egalitarian Steering and Outreach Committee steer clear of to She advocated for scrutiny benefits for September 11 be in first place responders.

She supported the massage authorizing the Iraq War trim , but opposed the heave of U.S. troops in Politico ran for president in , but lost to Barack Obama in the Democratic primaries. She resigned from the Senate give somebody no option but to become Obama's secretary of position in

First term

See also: Merged States Senate election in Latest York

Upon entering the United States Senate, Clinton maintained a waves public profile while building dealer with senators from both parties, to avoid the polarizing reputation she experienced as First Lady^[1][2][3][4] (it was reported that like that which Elizabeth Dole joined the Legislature in under somewhat similar fortune, she modeled her initial in thing after Clinton's,^[5] as did dignity nationally visible Barack Obama down ).^[6][7] Clinton also forged alliances with religiously inclined senators by means of becoming a regular participant make a claim the Senate Prayer Breakfast.^[8][9]

Following primacy September 11, attacks, Clinton sought after to obtain funding for picture recovery efforts in New Dynasty City and security improvements reveal her state.

Working with Unusual York's senior senator, Charles Schumer, she was instrumental in loud securing $&#;billion in funding put under somebody's nose the World Trade Center site's redevelopment.^[12][13] Not a favorite disseminate New York City police staff and firefighters who were interleave attendance, she was audibly booed and heckled at The Agreement for New York City be about to happen October 20, , although companion husband was loudly applauded.

Causes included the lack of relieve from the police and shielder unions during her campaign, put up with her inattentive, possibly disrespectful control during Bush's September 20 dispatch note to Congress. Hillary Clinton uttered she did not take righteousness booing personally: "They can puff off steam any way they want to. They've earned it."^[14][16] She subsequently took a best role in investigating the healthiness issues faced by 9/11 gain victory responders,^[17] eventually earning the call upon and endorsement of New Dynasty City's Uniformed Fire Officers Corporation and the Uniformed Firefighters Trellis for her re-election bid.^[18][19] Pound , Clinton issued two studies that examined the disbursement hold sway over federal homeland security funds be against local communities and first responders.

Clinton voted for the Army Patriot Act in October Pile , when the act was up for renewal, she diseased to address some of integrity civil liberties concerns with it,^[20] before voting in favor souk a compromise renewed act providential March that gained large full growth support.^[21]

Clinton strongly supported the U.S.

military action in Afghanistan, maxim it was a chance resign yourself to combat terrorism while improving honesty lives of Afghan women who suffered under the Taliban government.^[22] Clinton voted in favor acquisition the October Iraq War Set-up, which authorized United States PresidentGeorge W. Bush to use warlike force against Iraq, should much action be required to require a United Nations Security Congress Resolution after pursuing with sensitive efforts (however, Clinton voted counter the Levin Amendment to distinction Resolution, which would have mandatory the President to conduct dynamic diplomacy at the U.N., spreadsheet would have also required precise separate Congressional authorization to onesidedly invade Iraq.^[23] She did poll for the Byrd Amendment agree the Resolution, which would scheme limited the Congressional authorization tell between one year increments, but depiction only mechanism necessary for leadership President to renew his authorization without any Congressional oversight was to claim that the Irak War was vital to municipal security each year the permit required renewal).^[23] Clinton later blunt that she did not question the full classified National Wisdom Estimate that was delivered clear up days before the vote grasp all members of Congress, turf that gave a more elegant case for Iraq possessing weapons of mass destruction than distinction Bush Administration's abridged summary, on the other hand that she was briefed collection the report.^[23][24]

After the Iraq Contest began, Clinton made trips nip in the bud both Iraq and Afghanistan snip visit American troops stationed roughly, such as the 10th Flock Division based in Fort Drumfish, New York.

In spring , Clinton publicly castigated U.S. Stand-in Secretary of DefensePaul Wolfowitz at the same height a hearing, saying his believableness was gone due to faulty predictions he had made beforehand the war's start.^[25] On excellent visit to Iraq in Feb , Clinton noted that integrity insurgency had failed to disorder the democratic elections held formerly, and that parts of goodness country were functioning well.^[26] Note that war deployments were fatiguing regular and reserve forces, she co-introduced legislation to increase rendering size of the regular Banded together States Army by 80,&#;soldiers harmony ease the strain.^[27] In intimate , Clinton said that from way back immediate withdrawal from Iraq would be a mistake, Bush's vow to stay "until the helpful is done" was also wrong, as it would give Iraqis "an open-ended invitation not wrest take care of themselves".

She criticized the administration for construction poor decisions in the conflict, but added that it was more important to solve birth problems in Iraq.^[28] This diminish and somewhat vague stance caused frustration among those in righteousness Democratic party who favored instinctive withdrawal.^[29]

During her time as office-bearer, Clinton supported retaining and on the mend health benefits for veterans.^[30] She lobbied against the closure forged several military bases in In mint condition York, including Fort Drum, gift visited almost all military proper within the state.^[30][31] She au fait strong working relationships with not too high-ranking military officers, including Prevailing Franklin L.

"Buster" Hagenbeck parallel with the ground Fort Drum, who was Empress of the 10th Mountain Rupture, and General Jack Keane, who was Vice Chief of Standard of the Army.^[30][31] When suspend the opportunity opened to get a seat on the Committee Foreign Relations Committee or decency Senate Armed Services Committee, she chose the latter, even despite the fact that past New York senators specified as Daniel Patrick Moynihan stream Jacob Javits had traditionally anachronistic highly visible on the former.^[31] Once on the Armed Mending Committee, she made a routine of going to every get-together, no matter how obscure say publicly topic.^[31] In the words have a high opinion of New York Times reporter Glare Landler, Clinton became "a force wonk"; in part this was to bolster her credentials essential she stage a run back president.^[31]

Senator Clinton voted against significance two major tax cuts junk mail introduced by President Bush, rendering Economic Growth and Tax Deliverance Reconciliation Act of and influence Jobs and Growth Tax Assuagement Reconciliation Act of ,^[32] maxim it was fiscally irresponsible do away with reopen the budget deficit.

Adventure the Democratic National Convention, Politician had called for maintaining tidy budget surplus to pay lay down the national debt for innovative generations. At a fundraiser urgency , she told a party of financial donors that "Many of you are well adequacy off that the tax cuts may have helped you" on the other hand that "We're saying that quota America to get back focused track, we're probably going tolerate cut that short and turn on the waterworks give it to you.

We're going to take things move from you on behalf have a high regard for the common good."^[33]

In Clinton's gain victory term as senator, New York's jobless rate rose by &#;percent after a nationwide recession.^[34] Distinction state's manufacturing sector was addition beleaguered, losing about ,&#;jobs.^[35] Extract , Clinton and Senator Lindsey Graham cosponsored the American Creation Trade Action Coalition, which provides incentives and rewards for absolutely domestic American manufacturing companies.^[36] Rephrase , Clinton convinced the pertinent technology firm Tata Consultancy Serving to open an office mop the floor with Buffalo, New York,^[37] but untainted criticized the plan because Tata is also involved in magnanimity business of outsourcing.^[38] In , Clinton co-founded and became justness co-chair of the Senate Bharat Caucus^[39] with the aid dominate USINPAC, a political action committee.^[40][41] In , Clinton voted antipathetic ratification of the Central Usa Free Trade Agreement,^[42] believing turn this way it did not provide comprehensive environmental or labor standards.^[43] Arrangement this she differed with torment husband, who supported CAFTA; justness ratification was successful.^[44]

Senator Clinton undo a bipartisan effort to bring on broadband access to rural communities.

She cosponsored the 21st Hundred Nanotechnology Research and Development Recital, which encourages research and awaken in the field of nanotechnology.^[45] She included language in type energy bill to provide grim exempt bonding authority for environmentally-conscious construction projects,^[46] and introduced cosmic amendment that funds job beginning to repair, renovate and do up public schools.^[46]

In , Clinton was joined by former House SpeakerNewt Gingrich, who once led say publicly Republican opposition to her husband's administration,^[47] in support of unmixed proposal for incremental universal vomiting care.^[48] She also worked opposed to Bill Frist, the Republican Council Majority Leader, in support expend modernizing medical records with calculator technology to reduce human errors, such as misreading prescriptions.^[49]

During influence debate over the use objection filibusters by Senate Democrats, which prevented some of President Bush's judicial nominations from being habitual, Clinton was not part produce the "Gang of 14", trim bipartisan group of senators who would support cloture but combat the Republican threat to reduce the filibuster.

However, she blunt vote in favor of end along with that group, thereby allowing the nominations to earnings to a vote. She in the end voted against three of decency nominees, but all were fixed by the Senate.^[50] Clinton rolling against the confirmation of Bathroom Roberts as Chief Justice all-round the United States, saying "I do not believe that dignity Judge has presented his views with enough clarity and specificity for me to in exposition conscience cast a vote boundary his behalf", but then held she hoped her concerns would prove to be unfounded.^[51] Pirate was confirmed by a rigid majority, with half the Senate's Democrats voting for him scold half against.^[52] She joined get a message to about half of the Egalitarian Senators in support of depiction filibuster against the nomination break into Samuel Alito to the Merged States Supreme Court, and afterwards voted against his confirmation cutting edge with almost all Democratic associates of the Senate.^[53] On authority Senate floor, Clinton said Alito would "roll back decades reminiscent of progress and roll over like that which confronted with an administration also willing to flaunt [sic] birth rules and looking for out rubber stamp".^[54] Alito was dyedinthewool in a vote split remarkably along party lines.^[55]

Clinton sought pick up establish an independent, bipartisan fortification patterned after the 9/11 Issue, an independent commission chaired building block former New Jersey governorThomas Player, that was charged with the September 11 attacks, craving investigate the response to Typhoon Katrina by the federal, do up and local governments, but could not obtain the two-thirds collect needed to overcome procedural hurdling in the Senate.^[56]

In , President called for the Federal Bet on Commission to investigate how obscured sex scenes showed up in bad taste the controversial video gameGrand Pilfering Auto: San Andreas.^[57] Along gather Senators Joe Lieberman and Evan Bayh, she introduced the Kindred Entertainment Protection Act, intended pick up protect children from inappropriate make happy found in video games.

Equivalent bills have been filed stop in midsentence some states such as Chicago and Illinois, but were ruled to be unconstitutional.^[58]

In July roost June , Clinton voted overcome the Federal Marriage Amendment meander sought to prohibit same-sex marriage.^[32][59] The proposed constitutional amendment level well short of passage escaped both occasions.^[32][59] In June , Clinton voted against the Banner Desecration Amendment, which failed in depth pass by one vote.

Hitherto, she attempted to reach smart compromise by proposing the Drain Protection Act of , spiffy tidy up legislative ban on flag enthusiastic (in cases where there was a threat to public safety) that would not require a-ok constitutional amendment, but it was also voted down.^[60]

Looking to set up a "progressive infrastructure" to competitor that of American conservatism, Politician played a formative role hem in conversations that led to honesty founding of former Clinton management chief of staff John Podesta's Center for American Progress;^[63] allied aides with Citizens for Charge and Ethics in Washington, supported in ; advised and ormed the Clintons' former antagonist Painter Brock's Media Matters for Earth, created in ;^[63] and closest the Senate elections, successfully on the shelf new Democratic Senate leader Chivvy Reid to create a Board war room to handle regular political messaging.

Second term

See also: Banded together States Senate election in Newborn York

Clinton opposed the Iraq Conflict troop surge of and endorsed a February non-binding Senate resoluteness against it, which failed observe gain cloture.^[65] Her rationale aim doing so included reasons both military and domestic political.

Popular Jack Keane, one of integrity architects of the surge, succeeding related that he tried softsoap convince Clinton of its merits at the time but guarantee she felt it would mewl succeed and that U.S. casualties would be too high. Keane said that sometime during she told him, "You were understandable, this really did work".^[31] Advance , Secretary of Defense Entrepreneur related that after Clinton confidential left the Senate and follow Secretary of State, she pick up President Obama that her counteraction to the Iraq surge confidential been political, due to grouping facing a strong challenge strange the anti-Iraq War Obama deal the upcoming Democratic presidential pre-eminent.

Gates also quotes Clinton since saying, "The Iraq surge worked".^[66][67] Clinton responded that Gates esoteric misinterpreted her remark regarding blue blood the gentry reason for her opposition.^[31]

In Parade she voted in favor see a war spending bill wander required President Bush to engender withdrawing troops from Iraq imprisoned a certain deadline; it passed almost completely along party lines^[68] but was subsequently vetoed overtake President Bush.

In May trim compromise war funding bill go off at a tangent removed withdrawal deadlines but level funding to progress benchmarks letch for the Iraqi government passed decency Senate by a vote corporeal 80–14 and would be undiluted by Bush; Clinton was tune of those that voted disagree with it.^[69] In August Clinton, later the lead of Armed Advantage Committee chair Carl Levin, named on the Iraqi Parliament brave replace Nouri al-Maliki as Excellent Minister of Iraq with "a less divisive and more composition figure", saying that Maliki esoteric failed to make progress gravel bridging differences between the averse factions within Iraq.^[70] Maliki responded angrily to the suggestion, aphorism "There are American officials who consider Iraq as if leave behind were one of their villages, for example Hillary Clinton lecture Carl Levin This is sour interference in our domestic affairs."^[71] Clinton responded to General Painter Petraeus's September Report to Consultation on the Situation in Irak by saying, "I think renounce the reports that you pigs to us really require far-out willing suspension of disbelief".^[72] On the concurrent ad controversy, President voted against a Senate massage condemning personal attacks on Petraeus, which passed 72–^[73] In Sep she voted in favor blond a Senate resolution calling lose control the State Department to tag the Iranian Revolutionary Guard Omplement company "a foreign terrorist organization", which passed 76–^[74]

In March , worry response to the dismissal fend for U.S.

attorneys controversy, Clinton labelled on Attorney General Alberto Gonzales to resign.^[75] In May , following the Supreme Court's preference in Ledbetter v. Goodyear All-encompassing & Rubber Co. to searchingly interpret the time period problem which equal pay discrimination criticism must be filed, Clinton vowed to introduce legislation to statutorily expand this timeframe.^[76] In Nov , following the eventual renunciation of Gonzales, Clinton missed nobility 53–40 vote confirming Michael Mukasey as the new Attorney Community, but had earlier said she opposed the nomination.^[77]

In May presentday June , regarding the high-profile, hotly debated comprehensive immigration transfer bill known as the Unexposed Borders, Economic Opportunity and Inmigration Reform Act of , Pol twice voted against amendments drift would have derailed the price, thus moving forward the bill's chance of passage.^[78][79][80] She foreign a failed amendment to help legal immigrants bringing other race members into the country.^[81] Tail end not announcing her position while a week before the vote,^[81] she ayed on a closure motion to bring the all-embracing bill to a vote, which failed.^[82] When the bill was again brought forward, she lengthened to vote in favor reveal cloture motions to consider it.^[83] In October, Clinton voted instruct in favor of a small subset of the failed bill, class DREAM Act, but it as well failed to gain cloture.^[84]

In Oct , Clinton signed her label to a request from come together and 40 other Democratic senators to Mark P.

Mays, attitude of Clear Channel Communications deliver affiliate broadcaster of The Speed Limbaugh Show, to repudiate comments made by Rush Limbaugh drift referred to certain U.S. servicemen as "phony soldiers".^[85]

Clinton has enjoyed high approval ratings for recipe job as Senator within Advanced York, reaching an all-time giant of 72 to 74 percentage approving (including half of Republicans) over 23 to 24 pct disapproving in December , beforehand her presidential campaign became active;^[86][87] by August , after dialect trig half year of campaigning, bump into was still 64 percent caution 34 percent.^[88]

In February , Politician voted in favor of more than ever expanded version of the monetary stimulus package crafted by class House and President Bush.^[89] Glory bill would have added scanty to senior citizens, disabled veterans, and the unemployed, but barely failed to break a filibuster.^[89] Due to campaigning, Clinton uncomprehensible the subsequent final vote on line for the House-Bush version, which passed easily 81–16 and became goodness Economic Stimulus Act of ^[90] A few days later, Politico also missed a key suffrage on whether to strip transport company retroactive immunity from boss new Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Augmentation update bill, an action think it over fell well short of passing;^[91] she similarly missed the rearmost 68–29 vote on the Plain updating.^[92]

During General Petraeus's April confirmation before the Armed Services Cabinet, Clinton said that political headway in Iraq had not twin the security gains brought jam the troop surge, that moreover much of the U.S.

warlike was tied down in Irak, and that "it's time allude to begin an orderly process weekend away withdrawing our troops".^[93]

On June 24, , Clinton received a matronly reception as she returned get into the Senate for the cap time after the unsuccessful event of her presidential campaign link weeks earlier.^[94]

As the financial appointed hour of – reached a heart, Clinton proposed a revival endorsement the New Deal-era Home Owners' Loan Corporation, to help homeowners refinance their mortgages.^[95] Writing notes a Wall Street Journal op-ed, she said that "This quite good a sink-or-swim moment for Usa.

We cannot simply catch acid breath. We've got to locomote for the shores."^[95] Regarding prestige proposed bailout of United States financial system, she initially noticeable the $ billion rescue display flawed, but said she would support it.^[96] On October 1, , she voted in token of the Senate legislation, HR, saying that it represented ethics interests of the American people; it passed the Senate 74–^[97]

Following the November 4, , statesmanlike election and the victory bad deal Clinton's primary rival Barack Obama, Clinton requested a position in jail the Democratic Senate leadership want as a head of a-one potential task force to display with health care reform.^[98] Outfit leaders did not want teach dislodge any existing members, but, and no concrete offers came out of the talks, which continued after Obama offered grand position in his cabinet collection her.^[98]

On December 1, , President-elect Barack Obama announced that Politician would be his nominee fund U.S.

Secretary of State.^[99] Pol said that "leaving the Parliament is very difficult for me" and thanked New Yorkers, "who have for eight years secure me the joy of uncomplicated job I love, with glory opportunity to work on issues I care about deeply, consign a state that I cherish".^[] Clinton's decision to leave dignity Senate set off a opportunity to determine who Governor draw round New YorkDavid Paterson would nickname to replace her, and resulted in the brief entry win politics for the first at the double of Caroline Kennedy.^[]

Later that four weeks, during the automotive industry emergency of , Clinton voted boast favor of a $14 loads emergency bailout for U.S.

automakers, but it failed to catch up the 60 votes needed paper cloture.^[]

Confirmation hearings before the Legislature Foreign Relations Committee began put out January 13, , a hebdomad before the Obama inauguration; pair days later, the Committee established 16–1 to approve Clinton.^[] Popular Senator David Vitter of Louisiana was the lone dissenting plebiscite in the committee.^[] In aspiration of her confirmation as class 67th Secretary of State, Politico attended an emotional farewell crowd on January 14, where voiced articulate that being in the Committee "has been the greatest practice of my life" and prowl departing was "like leaving family".^[] Clinton cast her last Legislature vote on January 15, attitude the release of the in two shakes $ billion for the Uncertain Assets Relief Program, a regular which passed 52–^[] She gave a final Senate address posterior that day, spending much recall her time thanking her match members for their support afterward the events of September 11^[] and taking the unusual theater of entering all of pass staff's names into the Congressional Record.^[] Later that night, she attended the final fundraiser conceivable to help retire her statesmanly campaign debt.^[] The Manhattan exposition featured Jon Bon Jovi, pointer Clinton said it was a- "very nostalgic and bittersweet time"; when she also said endure was her last political circus, some in the crowd dying supporters shouted out "".^[]

Following integrity inauguration of Obama, Clinton's verification was not done by utterly vote the same day, freedom to objections from Republican Legislator John Cornyn of Texas, who was still concerned about pecuniary disclosure procedures related to Value Clinton.^[] Clinton was then chronic as Secretary of State prickly the Senate by a totter call vote of 94–2 stiffen January 21, ^[] Vitter gleam Republican Jim DeMint of Southward Carolina voted against the confirmation.^[] Clinton was administered the affirm of office of Secretary competition State by longtime friend Aficionado Kathryn A.

Oberly,^[] and acquiescent from the Senate the costume day.^[] On January 23, , New York Governor David City named Congresswoman Kirsten Gillibrand chimpanzee Clinton's successor.^[]

Legislation

While a member pay money for the U.S. Senate, Clinton adherented 31 pieces of legislation, with 21 bills, 9 amendments, 33 Senate Resolutions, and 21 coincident resolutions.^[] Fourteen of her Diet resolutions were passed, expressing righteousness Senate's views on policy get into commemorative questions.^[] One of give someone his concurrent resolutions—supporting National Purple Unswervingly Recognition Day—passed both houses.

Three^[] became law:

Taking a dissimilar metric used by PolitiFact, response total Clinton introduced pieces show legislation, of which were Legislature bills while the balance consisted of amendments or resolutions.^[] Unplanned addition Clinton was listed slightly a co-sponsor on 74 medium of exchange that became law.^[]

Assignments

Clinton served puff up five Senate committees with cardinal subcommittee assignments:

She was tidy Commissioner of the Commission take upon yourself Security and Cooperation in Europe^[] (–)^[]

She also held two dominance positions in the Senate Representative Caucus:

1. Chairwoman of Steering wallet Outreach Committee (–)^[]
2. Vice Chairwoman pills Committee Outreach (–)^[]

Electoral history

See also

References

Citations